Leaders: (1) Scipio, Æmilianus, Africanus.

Chief Actions: (1) Siege of Carthage.

Result: Carthage destroyed. Most of her territory becomes a Roman province of Africa.

JUGURTHINE WAR.—111-105 B. C.

(1) Romans vs. (2) Jugurtha of Numidia.

Cause: Jugurtha, disregarding intervention of Rome, captures Citra and massacres male population.

Leaders: (1) C. Marius; (2) Jugurtha.

Chief Actions: (1) Muthul, Citra.

Results: Numidia divided. The war reveals the corruption and incapacity of the Senatorial government of Rome.

MARSIAN OR SOCIAL WAR.—90-88 B. C.