(1) Romans vs. (2) Italian Allies.
Cause: Italian socii (allies) are denied the right of Roman citizenship.
Leader: (1) C. Marius, Sulla.
Chief Action: (1) Asculum.
Result: Italians form a Federal republic, Italia, with capital at Corfinium. Roman citizenship granted to all Italian residents.
FIRST ROMAN CIVIL WAR—88-82 B. C.
(1) Optimates vs. (2) Democrats.
Cause: Reform measures of Sulpicius are carried by means of violence. Command of army of Asia is transferred from Sulla to Marius.
Leaders: (1) Sulla, Pompey; (2) Marius, Cinna, Sertorius, Carbo.
Chief Actions: Sacriportis, Colline, Gate, Sulla’s proscriptions; (2) Marius’s Reign of Terror.