Cause: Uprising of a band of gladiators, escaped from Capua and joined by many slaves of southern Italy.
Leaders: (1) Crassus, Pompey; (2) Spartacus.
Chief Actions: (1) Silarus; (2) Mt. Vesuvius.
Results: Revolt put down with cruelty, six thousand crucified.
GALLIC WAR—58-51 B. C.
(1) Romans vs. (2) Tribes of Gaul.
Cause: Desire to extend the Roman empire.
Leaders: (1) Julius Cæsar; (2) Vercingetorix, Ariovistus.
Chief Action: (1) Siege of Alesia.
Results: Conquest and organization of Gaul by Cæsar. Gauls Romanized; boundaries of the old world enlarged (Cæsar’s expedition to Britain 55-54 B. C.); means acquired for changing Rome into a monarchy.