Chief Events: In England—Treaty of Wedmore, Massacre of Danes (1002).

In France: Siege of Paris. Grant of Normandy to Rolf (977).

Results: The Northmen are the last swarm of Teutonic conquerors. They readily assimilate civilization and infuse new energy into western Europe.

NORMAN CONQUEST—1066.

(1) Normans vs. (2) English.

Cause: William, duke of Normandy wishes to increase his territory and his power.

Leaders: (1) William the Conqueror; (2) Harold, king of England.

Chief Action: (1) Hastings.

Results: The king received added power and a modified feudalism introduced into England. Southern Italy and Sicily were also conquered by bands of Normans in the eleventh century and the kingdom of Naples founded.