Results: England loses all her land in France except Calais. During the earlier stage of this war about one-third of the population of western Europe perished from the Black Death.
AUSTRO-SWISS WAR—1315-1388.
(1) House of Hapsburg vs. (2) Swiss Confederation.
Causes: Hapsburgs assert feudal rights over the peasants of the Swiss cantons.
Leaders: (1) Leopold III. of Austria; (2) Arnold von Winkelried.
Chief Actions: (2) Morgarten, Sempach, Näfels.
Result: Independence of Swiss secured.
HUSSITE WAR—1419-1436.
(1) Bohemian Followers of John Huss vs. (2) Catholic Europe.
Causes: Execution of John Huss, the Bohemian religious reformer, by the council of Constance.