The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation / Annotations of Cases Decided by the Supreme Court of the United States to June 30, 1952

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[117] 279 U.S. 438 (1929).

[118] Ibid. 451.

[119] Gordon v. United States, 117 U.S. 697 (1886); McElrath v. United States, 102 U.S. 426 (1880); Williams v. United States, 289 U.S. 553 (1933).

[120] United States v. Coe, 155 U.S. 76 (1894).

[121] Wallace v. Adams, 204 U.S. 415 (1907).

[122] Old Colony Trust Co. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 279 U.S. 716 (1929); Ex parte Bakelite Corporation, 279 U.S. 438 (1929).

[123] The general tendency in the evolution of legislative courts is to provide for tenure during good behavior. This is true of the judges of the Court of Claims, the Customs Court, the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals. The terms of the judges of the Tax Court are limited to twelve years and the judges are subject to removal by the President after notice and hearing. For the provisions of the statutes governing these matters see 28 U.S.C. §§ 241, 296, 301-301a; 26 U.S.C. §§ 1102b, d, f. The territorial judges in Alaska (48 U.S.C. § 112) have four-year terms subject to removal by the President; in Hawaii six years unless removed by the President (48 U.S.C. § 643), eight years in Puerto Rico (28 U.S.C. § 803); eight years in the Canal Zone subject to removal by the President (48 U.S.C. § 1353); and four years in the Virgin Islands unless sooner removed by the President (48 U.S.C. § 1405y).

[124] 141 U.S. 174 (1891).

[125] Ibid. 188

[126] 289 U.S. 553 (1933).