[138] 153 U.S. 684, 687 (1894).

[139] 135 U.S. 492 (1890).

[140] Slaughter-House Case, 15 Fed. Cas. No. 8408 (1870); Chambers v. Baltimore & O.R. Co., 207 U.S. 142 (1907); Whitfield v. Ohio, 297 U.S. 431 (1936).

[141] 16 Wall. 36 (1873).

[142] Ibid. 77.

[143] Bradwell v. Illinois, 16 Wall. 130, 138 (1873). See also Cole v. Cunningham, 133 U.S. 107 (1890).

[144] Blake v. McClung, 172 U.S. 239, 246 (1898); Travis v. Yale & Towne Mfg. Co., 252 U.S. 60 (1920).

[145] La Tourette v. McMaster, 248 U.S. 465 (1919); Douglas v. New York, N.H. & H.R. Co., 279 U.S. 377 (1929); cf. Maxwell v. Bugbee, 250 U.S. 525 (1919).

[146] United States v. Harris, 106 U.S. 629, 643 (1883). See also Baldwin v. Franks, 120 U.S. 678 (1887).

[147] United States v. Wheeler, 254 U.S. 281 (1920).