[9] Gasoline Products Co. v. Champlin Ref. Co., 283 U.S. 494, 498 (1931); Ex parte Peterson, 253 U.S. 300, 309 (1920).

[10] Pearson v. Yewdall, 95 U.S. 294, 296 (1877). See also Edwards v. Elliott, 21 Wall. 532, 557 (1874); Justices of the Sup. Ct. v. United States ex rel. Murray, 9 Wall. 274, 277 (1870); Walker v. Sauvinet, 92 U.S. 90 (1876); St. Louis & K.C. Land Co. v. Kansas City, 241 U.S. 419 (1916).

[11] Webster v. Reid, 11 How. 437, 460 (1851); Kennon v. Gilmer, 131 U.S. 22, 28 (1889).

[12] Capital Traction Co. v. Hof, 174 U.S. 1, 5 (1899).

[13] Minneapolis & St. L.R. Co. v. Bombolis, 241 U.S. 211 (1916), which involved The Federal Employers Liability Act of 1908. The ruling is followed in four other cases in the same volume. See ibid. 241, 261, 485 and 494.

[14] Shields v. Thomas, 18 How. 253, 262 (1856).

[15] Parsons v. Bedford, 3 Pet. 433, 447 (1830); Barton v. Barbour, 104 U.S. 126, 133 (1881).

[16] Clark v. Wooster, 119 U.S. 322, 325 (1886); Pease v. Rathbun-Jones Eng. Co., 243 U.S. 273, 279 (1917).

[17] Parsons v. Bedford, above; Waring v. Clarke, 5 How. 441, 460 (1847). See also The "Sarah," 8 Wheat. 390, 391 (1823), and cases there cited.

[18] Labor Board v. Jones & Laughlin, 301 U.S. 1, 48 (1937). See also Interstate Commerce Commission v. Brimson, 154 U.S. 447, 488 (1894); Yakus v. United States, 321 U.S. 414, 447 (1944).