[7] In re Look Tin Sing, 21 F. 905 (1884).
[8] Lam Mow v. Nagle, 24 F. (2d) 316 (1928).
[9] United States v. Gordon, Fed. Cas. No. 15,231 (1861). The term, United States, is defined in the recently enacted Immigration and Nationality Act as follows: "The term, 'United States', except as otherwise specifically herein provided, when used in a geographical sense, means the continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands of the United States." 66 Stat. 165, § 101 (38). Whether the expression is used in the same sense in Amendment XIV may be questionable.
[10] Slaughter-House Cases, 16 Wall. 36, 74 (1873).
[11] Arver v. United States (Selective Draft Law Cases), 245 U.S. 366, 377, 388-389 (1918).
[12] Insurance Co. v. New Orleans, Fed. Cas. No. 7,052 (1870).—Not being citizens of the United States, corporations accordingly have been declared unable "to claim the protection of that clause of the Fourteenth Amendment which secures the privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States against abridgment or impairment by the law of a State."—Orient Ins. Co. v. Daggs, 172 U.S. 557, 561 (1899). This conclusion was in harmony with the earlier holding in Paul v. Virginia, 8 Wall. 168 (1869) to the effect that corporations were not within the scope of the privileges and immunities clause of state citizenship set out in article 4, section 2. See also Selover, Bates & Co. v. Walsh, 226 U.S. 112, 126 (1912); Berea College v. Kentucky, 211 U.S. 45 (1908); Liberty Warehouse Co. v. Burley Tobacco Growers' Co-op. Marketing Asso., 276 U.S. 71, 89 (1928); Grosjean v. American Press Co., 297 U.S. 233, 244 (1936).
[13] 16 Wall. 36, 71, 77-79 (1873).
[14] Ibid. 78-79.
[15] Ibid. 79, citing Crandall v. Nevada, 6 Wall. 35 (1868). Decided before ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment.
[16] 211 U.S. 78, 97.