On the death of Paschal II the cardinals elect Gelasius II; the Emperor appoints the Archbishop of Braga to assume the papal dignity under the name of Gregory VIII. The factions afterward known as the Guelfs and Ghibellines arose from this event.
1119. Battle of Noyon, by which Henry I reestablishes his ascendency in Normandy.
Defeat of the Turks at Antioch by King Baldwin II and the Knights Hospitallers.
Henry I resists the papal claim to investiture in England; banishment of Thurstan, Archbishop of Canterbury.
1120. Sinking of the White Ship (La Blanche Nef), in which Prince William, son of Henry I, was lost. The King is said to have "never smiled again" after the receipt of the news.
1121. Siege of Sutri by the army of Pope Calixtus II, and surrender of Antipope Gregory.
1122. Henry V and Calixtus II compromise, at the Diet of Worms, the dispute respecting the right of investiture.
Baldwin, King of Jerusalem, and Jocelyn de Courtenay made prisoners by the Turks.
Abelard, a noted French theologian, accused of heresy at the Council of Soissons, is condemned to burn his writings.
1123. Ninth general council; First Lateran Council.