Matilda resists Stephen's usurpation of the English crown, and invades Normandy.
1137. Death of Louis VI; his son, Louis VII, succeeds to the French crown.
1138. David I of Scotland defeated at the Battle of the Standard. See "[STEPHEN USURPS THE ENGLISH CROWN]," v, 317.
Conrad, Duke of Franconia, elected emperor of Germany; he founds the Hohenstaufen dynasty. From his castle of Wiblingen his party takes the name of Ghibellines; his opponent, Henry Guelf, is put under the ban of the empire, hence the papal party were called Guelfs.
1139. Pope Innocent II taken prisoner by Roger; a treaty of peace confirms Roger's title. Arnold of Brescia is banished Italy. See "[ANTI-PAPAL DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT]," v, 340.
Robert, Earl of Gloucester, a natural son of Henry I, promises assistance to Matilda in her war against King Stephen of England. See "[STEPHEN USURPS THE ENGLISH CROWN]," v, 317.
1140. Conrad III defeats the forces of Guelf VI, uncle of Henry the Lion, while attempting to gain possession of Bavaria.
1141. Battle of Lincoln; King Stephen defeated and carried prisoner to Bristol. See "[STEPHEN USURPS THE ENGLISH CROWN]," v, 317.
1142. Henry the Lion is invested with the duchy of Saxony by Conrad III. His rival, Albert the Bear, created margrave of Brandenburg.
1143. Geisa, King of Hungary, invites German emigrants to join the colony of that people in Transylvania.