1144. Edessa, Turkey, stormed and captured by Zenghi, Sultan of Aleppo.
1145. Arnold of Brescia initiates the antipapal democratic movement. See "[ANTIPAPAL DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT]," v, 340.
Disruption of the Almoravide kingdom in Spain.
1146. Prince Henry inherits Anjou and Maine; Normandy submits to him.
St. Bernard, at the instance of Pope Eugenius, preaches a crusade for the protection of the Holy Land against Noureddin, Sultan of Aleppo.
Byzantium is ravaged by Roger, King of Sicily. See "[DECLINE OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE]," v, 353.
Crusaders and mobs massacre Jews in Germany.
1147. Louis VII of France and Emperor Conrad III lead the Second Crusade.
Lisbon, after being taken from the Moors, is made the capital of Portugal.
Moscow, Russia, is founded by the Prince of Suzdal, Dolgoucki.