1148. Unsuccessful sieges of Damascus and Ascalon by the crusaders.
1149. Louis, returning by sea from his crusade, is captured by the Greeks, and rescued by the Sicilian fleet.
1150. Victory of Manuel, the Byzantine Emperor, over the Servians, who become vassals of that empire.
1151. Manuel invades Hungary, crosses the Danube, grants a truce to Geisa, and carries a large booty to Constantinople.
1152. Death of Conrad III; Frederick I, Barbarossa, elected emperor.
1153. Treaty by King Stephen and Henry Plantagenet concerning the succession of the English crown. See "[STEPHEN USURPS THE ENGLISH CROWN]," v, 317.
1154. A large portion of France united with the crown of England on the accession of Henry II, who founds the Plantagenet line, following Stephen's death.
The first Italian expedition of Frederick Barbarossa.
Pope Adrian IV, by a bull, grants Ireland to the English crown.
1155. Frederick reëstablishes the papal rule in Rome. Pope Adrian IV orders the execution of Arnold. See "[ANTIPAPAL DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT]," v, 340.