1216. Invited by the English barons, Louis, son of Philip Augustus, lands in England with an army; King John marches to meet him; he loses his baggage and many men in the Lincolnshire quicksands; he flees to Newark and there dies of chagrin. Henry III succeeds John; the Earl of Pembroke Protector.
1217. A fifth crusade; Andrew II, King of Hungary, and other princes head the expedition.
Simon de Montfort, during a revolt, is slain at the siege of Toulouse.
Louis is defeated by the Protector, Pembroke, and returns to France.
1218. Andrew withdraws from the crusade; it is continued by William I, Count of Holland, and John of Brienne.
1219. Damietta is reduced by the crusaders.
A bull of Pope Honorius III forbids the teaching of the civil law in the University of Paris.
1220. Imperial coronation of the Hohenstaufen Frederick II. Turkestan is overrun by the Mongols, who capture Bokhara and Samarkand.
1221. Disastrous terms are imposed on the crusaders, who evacuate Egypt.
1222. Signing of the Golden Bull of Hungary. See "THE GOLDEN BULL, 'HUNGARY'S MAGNA CHARTA,' SIGNED," vi, 191.
1223. Death of Philip Augustus; his son, Louis VIII, succeeds to the French throne.