Beibars, Sultan of Egypt and Syria, conquers the Christian principalities of Antioch and Joppa. See "MAMELUKES USURP POWER IN EGYPT," vi, 240.
Louis IX, by a pragmatic sanction, resists the papal claim to nominate bishops in France.
1269. Charles of Anjou aids in the restoration of the Guelfs in Florence.
1270. Louis IX, of France, by his "establishments," suppresses the wager of battle and provides for a regular administration of justice.
The last of the crusades. See "Louis IX LEADS THE LAST CRUSADE," vi, 275.
Venice levies a toll on the goods of Bolognese merchants; payment is refused; war between the two states follows.
1271. Crusade of Prince Edward of England; he drives Beibars from the siege of Acre and takes Mazareth; an attempt is made to murder him.
Marco Polo sets out on his travels. See "HEIGHT OF THE MONGOL POWER IN
CHINA," vi, 287.
1272. Prince Edward concludes a truce with Beibars for ten years; he leaves Palestine. End of the crusades.
Death of Henry III of England; his son, Edward I, succeeds.