Oberhummer, E., Phönizier in Arkadien, München, 1882.—Ohnefalsch-Richter, Max, Kypros, die Bibel und Homer. Beiträge zur Cultur-, Kunst-, und Religionsgeschichte des Orients im Altertume, Berlin, 1893, 2 vols.—Olshausen, J., Phöniz. Ortsnamen ausserhalb des semitischen Sprachgebietes (in Neues Rheinisches Museum, 1853, p. 321 et seq.).
Papier, A., et Mélix, Sur dix-huit inscriptions nouvelles communiquées à l’académie d’Hippone (in Bulletin de l’Acad. d’Hippone, 1886, no. 21, pp. 81-112).—Pausanias, Ἑλλάδος περιήγησις.—Perrot, G., and Chipiez, C., History of Art in Phœnicia, London, 1885, Vol. III of the Series.—Peters, J. P., The Babylonian Origin of the Phœnician Alphabet (in Proceedings of the Soc. of Bibl. Archæol., Vol. VI, p. 73, et seq.); Notes on Recent Theories of the Origin of the Alphabet (in the Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. XXII, p. 177, New Haven, 1901); Nippur, or Explorations and Adventures, etc., New York and London, 1897, 2 vols.—Philo Byblius, Phœnician History in Muller’s Fragmenta Hist. Græc., Vol. III, Paris, 1841-1851. (This is the alleged translation of Sanchoniathon, already referred to. It is regarded as indisputable that the author drew upon native sources, and did not invent the legends he narrates, whether or not such an author as Sanchoniathon existed.)—Philostratus, Zürich, 1844.—Pietschmann, R., Geschichte der Phönizier, Berlin, 1889.
Professor Pietschmann’s book, written for the Oncken Series, is the most recent and the most authoritative work on the subject. It by no means supplants the great works of Movers and Kenrick, but it embodies the results of investigations that were not made when these works were written, and so condenses into relatively brief space practically all that is at present known regarding the Phœnicians.
Pliny, the Younger, Historiarum Mundi, London, 1826; History of the World, translated by P. Holland, London, 1601.—Polybius, Καθολικὴ κοινὴ ἱστορία. (Polybius, the personal friend of Scipio, was present at the destruction of Carthage in 146, B.C. He is the incomparable authority for the history of the Punic wars, but of his forty books, only the first five are intact. Of these there are several English translations.)—Prutz, H., Aus Phönizien: geographische Skizzen und historische Studien, Leipsic, 1876.
Queipo, Don V. Vasquez, Essai sur les systèmes métriques et monétaires des anciens peuples depuis les premiers temps historiques jusqu’à la fin du Khalifat d’Orient, Paris, 1859.
Rawlinson, G., A Manual of Ancient History, Oxford, 1869; History of Phœnicia, London, 1889.—Rawlinson, H. C., Bilingual Readings—Cuneiform and Phœnician. Notes on some Tablets in the Brit. Mus. containing Bilingual Legends (Assyria and Phœnicia), (in Journal of the Royal Asiat. Soc., new Ser. I, pp. 187-247).—Renan, J. E., Mission de Phénicie, Paris, 1865-1874, 9 pts.; Catalogue des objets provenant de la mission de Phénicie, Paris, 1862; Histoire générale et système comparé des langues sémitiques, Paris, 1855.—Rougé, Vicomte Em. de: Mémoire sur l’origine égyptienne de l’alphabet phénicien, Paris, 1874. (The original memoir was communicated to the Academy some twenty years earlier, but was accidentally destroyed and hence was never published. The present paper gave currency to the views of the author, according to which the Phœnician alphabet is derived from the hieratic form of the Egyptian writing.)
Saalschütz, J. L., Zur Geschichte der Buchstabenschrift, in besonderer Beziehung auf Hebräer, Phönizier, Griechen und Ægypter, Königsberg, 1838.—Saint-Martin, Vivien de, Le Nord d’Afrique dans l’antiquité, Paris, 1863.—Saulcy, F. de, Mémoire sur une inscription phénicienne déterrée à Marseilles, Paris, 1847.—Sayce, A. H., Ancient Empires of the East, London, 1884; New Phœnician and Israelitic Inscriptions (in Babylonian and Oriental Record, Vol. I, p. 193, London, 1886-1887).—Scholz, P., Götzendienst und Zauberwesen, Regensburg, 1877.—Schröder, A., Conspectus chorog. insigniorum locorum et geographia veterum populorum delineatus, Sundiae, 1831.—Schröder, P., Die phöniz. Sprache, Halle, 1869; Über einige Fragmente phönikischer Inschriften aus Cypern (in Monatsber. d. Berl. Acad. d. Wiss. 1872, p. 330 et seq., Berlin, 1872); Phönizische Miscellen. (in Zeitschrift d. Deutschen Morgenländ. Ges., Vol. XXXIV, p. 675, Halle, 1880).—Seere, P., Les marines de guerre de l’antiquité et du moyen age, Paris, 1886.—Smith, R., Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia, Cambridge, 1885.—Smith, R. B., Carthage and the Carthaginians, London, 1878.—Socin, A. and Gutschmid, A. von, Phœnicia (in Encycl. Brit., Vol. XVIII, Ninth ed.).—Spiro, F., Les inscriptions et les stèles votives de Carthage, Lausanne, 1895.—Stade, B., Erneute Prüfung des zwischen dem Phönizischen und Hebräischen bestehenden Verwandtschaftsgrades ein Beitrag zur morgenländ. Sprachkunde (in Morgenländ. Forschg. 1875, pp. 167-232, Leipsic, 1875).—Stadthagen, D., De quibusdam marmoribus Phœnicis præmisso specimine de Scripturæ alphabeticæ origine, Berlin, 1846.—Strabo, Geographica, Venice, 1516.
Tatianus, Oratio ad Græcos, edited by Worth, Oxford, 1700.—Temple, Sir G., Phœnician Tombstone found in Maghrawah in Tunis (in Transactions of the Roy. Asiat. Soc., Vol. III, p. 548).—Tiele, C. P., La Religion des Phéniciens (in Revue de l’histoire des religions, Vol. III, Paris, 1881).—Tissot, Géographie comparée de la province romaine d’Afrique, Paris, 1884-1888, 2 vols.—Turner, W. W., Remarks on the Phœnician Inscriptions of Sidon (in Journal of Am. Oriental Soc., 1862, p. 48 et seq., New Haven, 1862); The Sidon Inscriptions, with a Translation and Notes (in Journal of Am. Oriental Soc., 1856, p. 243 et seq., New Haven, 1856).
Vassallo, C., Dei monumenti antichi nel gruppo di Malta. Periodo Fenicio ed Egizio, Valetta, 1851.—Vaux, W. S. W., Inscriptions in the Phœnician Character, now deposited in the British Museum, discovered on the Site of Carthage, London, 1863.—Vierthaler, Philosoph. Gesch. der Menschen und Völker, Salzburg, 1787-1794, 4 vols.—Vogüé, M. de, Six inscriptions phéniciennes d’Idalion, Paris, 1875; Mélanges d’archéologie orientale, Paris, 1868.