875 Ludwig the German expects the imperial crown on death of Louis II. Charles the Bald obtains it, and Ludwig prepares to avenge his wrongs.

876 Death of Ludwig the German. His three sons amicably divide the kingdom.

(1) Carloman takes Bavaria, Bohemia, and the eastern provinces.

(2) Ludwig or Louis III takes Saxony, Franconia, Friesland, and northern Lorraine.

(3) Charles the Fat, the remainder.

The emperor, Charles the Bald, attempts to seize Ludwig’s territory, upon which Carloman of Bavaria seizes the crown of Italy.

877 Death of Charles the Bald, and beginning of struggle between Ludwig III and Carloman for the imperial crown.

880 Death of Carloman. His natural son Arnulf claims the Bavarian crown, but being satisfied with the gift of Carinthia, it is given to Ludwig. Charles the Fat seizes Italy and

881 Is crowned emperor by Pope John VIII.

882 Death of Ludwig without issue. The entire dominion of Germany becomes vested in Charles the Fat.