1257 Interdiction of Portugal on account of divorce of Alfonso III.
1258 Battle of Corticella. Ezzelino da Romano defeats the pope’s army, and captures Brescia.
1259 Excommunication of Manfred, who has been crowned the previous year. The pope decides the question of emperorship in favour of Richard of Cornwall. Fall of the Ghibelline champion, Ezzelino da Romano.
1260 The Ghibellines regain Florence. Execution of Alberic da Romano.
1261 Death of Alexander in exile. Jacques Pantaléon, patriarch of Jerusalem, Urban IV.
1262 Urban, to resist Conradin, offers crown of Sicily to Charles of Anjou. The Ghibellines in Tuscany acknowledge Manfred.
1263 Milan refuses to accept Otto Visconti as archbishop of the city.
1264 Charles of Anjou appointed senator of Rome. Death of Urban.
1265 Guy Foulques, Clement IV. Coronation of Charles of Anjou as king of Sicily.