1504 Liberation of Cesare, who is again imprisoned and sent to Spain. His domains are restored to the papacy. Inquisition introduced into Naples. Julius begins to practise nepotism.
1505 Treaty between the pope and Venice.
1506 Foundation of the present St. Peter’s cathedral laid. Capture of Perugia and Bologna by Julius.
1507 The emperor Maximilian plans to unite the empire and papacy.
1508 League of Cambray against Venice.
1509 Julius joins the league and excommunicates the Venetians. Defeat of Venice at Agnadello.
1510 Venice makes humiliating terms with Julius and is absolved. France placed under the ban. At synod of Tours the French bishops withdraw obedience and seek to depose Julius. Julius makes an alliance with the Swiss. The Swiss guard of the pope still exists. Julius makes war on the duchy of Ferrara.
1511 Julius besieges and captures Mirandola. Failure of the expedition against Ferrara. The “Holy League” of the papacy. Ferdinand and Venice to recover Bologna, captured by the French. Gaston de Foix continues hostilities against Ferrara and Venice.
1512 Successes of Gaston de Foix. His death at the battle of Ravenna. Many cities surrender to the Holy League. Opening of the Lateran Council to consider the schismatic French bishops. Julius recovers Bologna.
1513 Death of Julius.