976 Death of Al-Hakam. His ten-year-old son, Hisham II, after some opposition is established on the throne. The real power is in the hands of Ibn abi Amir, who reorganises the army.
981 Defeat of Ramiro III of Leon by Ibn abi Amir, who assumes the name of Almansor (Al-Mansur).
982 Bermudo II, Ramiro’s successor, pays tribute to Cordova.
986 Capture and sack of Barcelona, the capital of a Spanish fief, by Almansor.
987 Bermudo tries to free himself from Moorish sovereignty. Almansor razes Coimbra to the ground. The next year Almansor penetrates to the heart of Leon.
996 Capture of the city of Leon. After this Almansor takes Compostella. In Africa the generals of Almansor gain victories in Mauretania.
1002 Death of Almansor. His son, Abdul-Malik, succeeds to his office of hajib. He continues his father’s successes.
1008 Death of Abdul-Malik. His brother, Abd ar-Rahman (Sanchol), succeeds to the chief ministry. He conducts a campaign in Leon.
1009 Muhammed, cousin of Hisham, revolts. Sanchol put to death. Muhammed Al-Mahdi imprisons Hisham and assumes the caliphate. Revolt of the Berbers, who occupy Cordova. Hisham abdicates in favour of Suleiman, a relative. Muhammed escapes to Toledo, but recovers Cordova with the help of the Catalonians.
1010 Defeat of Muhammed; the Slavs and Berbers desert him. Hisham recovers the throne. Murder of Muhammed.