h St. Marc, Histoire de l’Italie.

[i] S. Astley Dunham, Europe in the Middle Ages.

[j] Guglielmus Apuliensis, Rerum in Apulia, Campania, Calabria et Sicilia libri.

[k] Anna Comnena, Alexias.

[l] E. Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.

[m] Hugo Falcandus, Historia Sicula, in Muratori’s “Rerum Italicarum Scriptores,” vol. VII.

Chapter IV. The Thirteenth Century

[b] J. C. L. S. de Sismondi, op. cit.

[c] H. E. Napier, op. cit.

[d] Lorenzo Pignotti, The History of Tuscany.