Caffaro, see Annales Genuenses.—Callegare, E., “Preponderanze straniere,” in Storia politica d’Italia.—Cantù, Cesare, Histoire des Italiens, Paris, 1859, 12 vols.
Cesare Cantù (1805-1895) was at the same time an ardent republican and a devoted churchman, and his history, owing largely to its popular character and its partisan spirit, brought its author into wide repute in his own country.
Cappeletti, L., Storia di Carlo Alberto, Roma, 1891; Storia di Vittorio Emanuele II e del suo regno, Roma, 1892-1893, 3 vols.—Capponi, Gino, Geschichte der florentinischen Republik (trans. by H. Dütschke), Leipsic, 1876, 2 vols.—Carducci, G., Studi Litterari, Livorno, 1874; La vita italiana nel cinquecento, Milano, 1894, 3 vols.—Cassiodorus, Magnus Aurelius, Letters (trans. with introduction by T. Hodgkin), Oxford, 1889.
Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus held the highest offices in the Ostrogothic kingdom from Theodoric to Vitiges. His letters, which contain the decrees of Theodoric and of his successors, are the best source of our knowledge of the Ostrogothic kingdom in Italy.
Castro, G., Piccola Storia d’Italia, Milano, 1888; Patria, Milano, 1882.—Cellini, Benvenuto, Memoirs (trans. by T. Roscoe), London, 1850; (trans. by J. A. Symonds), London, 1887.
Benvenuto Cellini (1500-1571), certainly the most celebrated if not the greatest of goldsmiths, was also the author of one of the most famous and remarkable autobiographies ever written. Although he was born and died at Florence, a large part of his life was spent in restless wandering, for he was continually embroiled in feuds and implicated in assassinations in consequence of which he was frequently forced to sudden flight. His principal works were executed for Pope Clement VII, Francis I of France and Cosmo de’ Medici the Great. Besides his work in gold and silver Cellini also distinguished himself in die-cutting and enamelling and executed a few pieces of sculpture on a grander scale. Of these the most famous is the bronze statue of Perseus with the head of Medusa which stands in front of the old ducal palace at Florence. This is one of the most typical monuments of the Italian Renaissance, a work full of the fire of genius and of the grandeur of terrible beauty. In his autobiography he sets forth with the utmost directness and animation the history of these works, as well as his amours and hatreds and his varied adventures. He relates his homicides with devout complacency and frequently runs into extravagances that it is impossible to credit but at the same time difficult to set down as deliberate falsehoods. Cellini also wrote treatises on the goldsmith’s art, on sculpture and on design.
Cesaresco, Countess E. Martinengo, The Liberation of Italy, London, 1895; Cavour, London, 1898.—Cesaroni, E., La Tradizione unitaria in Italia, Torino, 1887.—Chaillot, L., L’unita Italiana, Roma, 1882.—Chierici, L., Carlo Alberto e il suo ideale, Roma, 1892.—Cipolla, C., Pubblicazioni sulla storia mediævale italiana, Venezia, 1892; “Storia delle signorie italiane,” in Storia politica d’Italia, Milano, 1900.—Colletta, Gen. P., History of the Kingdom of Naples 1734-1825 (trans. by S. Horner), Edinburgh, 1858, 2 vols.—Compagni, Dino, Istoria Fiorentina dal 1280 al 1312, Firenze, 1728 (Muratori, vol. 9).
Dino Compagni, a contemporary of Dante, was a man of strict integrity and straightforward character who held high office in Florence for many years, and after his retirement wrote his chronicle of the years during and just after his own political life. His personal share in the events he relates makes his chronicle reliable, while its simple, direct style and the spirit of passionate patriotism with which it is pervaded lend it unusual interest.
Comyn, Sir R., History of the Western Empire, London, 1851, 2 vols.—Corpi, F., Il risorgimento italiano, Biografii Storico-politichi, Milano, 1884.—Corradino, C., Storia d’Italia 474-1494, Torino, 1886.—Corti, S., Breve del risorgimento italiano, Roma, 1885.—Cosci, A., “L’Italia durante le Preponderanze straniere,” in Storia politica d’Italia.—Costa de Beauregard, A., Les dernières années du roi Charles Albert, Paris, 1890.—Crowe, J. A., and Caval-Caselle, G. B., A New History of Painting in Italy from the Second to the Sixteenth Century, etc., London, 1884-1866, 3 vols.; History of Painting in North Italy, etc., from the Fourteenth to the Sixteenth Century, London, 1871, 2 vols.
Dandolo, Andrea, Chronicon Venetum a pontificatu S. Marci ad annum usque 1339; succedit Raph. Caresini continuatio usque ad annum 1388 nunc primum evulgata. In Muratori, vol. xii.