1137 Second attack of the Pisans in southern Italy. Roger recovers his lost possessions.
1140 The Genoese acquire Ventimiglia.
1144 War breaks out among the Italian cities. Venice against Ravenna; Verona and Vicenza against Padua and Treviso; Florence and Pisa against Lucca and Siena.
1150 The Venetians regain Dalmatia, which has been captured by pirates.
1151 Defeat of the Milanese by the Cremonese at Castelnuovo. The carroccio is captured.
1152 Election of Frederick Barbarossa as king of Germany and Italy. Building of the baptistery of Pisa begun.
1153 Frederick determines to re-establish the imperial authority in the Italian cities. Lodi and Como ask his protection against Milan.
1154 Frederick enters Italy. Diet of Roncaglia, where Frederick hears complaints against Milan and Tortona. He assumes the Lombard crown at Pavia.
1155 Frederick captures and razes Tortona. Milan prepares for war.
1156 Milan rebuilds Tortona and defeats Pavia.