1269 Charles summons a diet of all Lombard cities at Cremona. Some confer the signoria on him; others offer him an alliance. He calls himself imperial vicar. The pope becomes jealous of Charles’ power.
1270 The Doria and Spinola families obtain control of Genoa and support the Ghibellines. War between Bologna and Venice.
1277 The pope forces Charles to resign the title of imperial vicar. The Visconti obtain the ascendency in Milan and henceforth rule the city.
1280 The count of Savoy takes up his residence in Turin. Faenza becomes subject to Bologna.
1282 War breaks out between Pisa and Genoa.
1284 Disastrous naval defeat of the Pisans by the Genoese, off the island of Meloria. The power of Pisa is broken. Ugolino della Gherardesca made captain-general of Pisa. He makes a disgraceful peace with the Guelfs.
1288 Deposition of Ugolino, who is starved to death. The marquis of Este is elected lord of Modena.
1292 Guido di Montefeltro of Pisa victorious over the Florentines.
1293 Peace between Pisa and Florence. A long war breaks out between Venice and Genoa.