1637 On death of Victor Amadeus a contest over the regency for his young son, Charles Emmanuel II, begins.
1639 Capture of Turin by Prince Thomas of Savoy in the contest for the regency.
1642 The duke’s mother Christina obtains the regency of Savoy under the protection of France. This leads to the implication of Italy in the wars of Louis XIII with Germany and Spain. Civil war breaks out in Italy. The ducal families take the side of Spain.
1645 War breaks out between Venice and the Turks. The latter seize a portion of Candia.
1651 The Venetians win a great naval victory from the Turks near Scio.
1655 The Spaniards besiege Reggio without success. Prince Thomas of Savoy and the duke of Modena with a French army fail in an attempt to capture Pavia. Naval victory of the Venetians over the Turks in the Dardanelles.
1656 Continued naval victories of the Venetians; they hire mercenaries from the pope, and admit the Jesuits into their city.
1659 The wars of Louis XIV and Spain ended by the treaty of the Pyrenees. France retains possession of Pinerolo.
1669 After a long siege the Turks take Candia from the Venetians. Crete is lost.
1670 After a long reign Ferdinand II, grand duke of Tuscany, dies, succeeded by his son Cosmo III.