Häbler, Die wirtschaftliche Blüte Spaniens im 16. Jahrhundert, Berlin, 1888.—Hale, E. E. and S., The Story of Spain in Story of the Nations, New York, 1891.—Harcourt, Henri duc d’, Avènement des Bourbons au trône d’Espagne, Paris, 1875, 2 vols.—Hare, A., Wanderings in Spain, London, 1873.—Havemann, W., Darstellungen aus der innern Geschichte Spaniens während des 15., 16., und 17. Jahrhunderts, Göttingen, 1850; Das Leben des Don Juan d’Austria, Gotha, 1865.—Hefele, K. J., Der Kardinal Ximenes und die kirchlichen Zustände Spaniens am Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts, Tübingen, 1851.—Henningsen, C. F., The most striking events of a twelvemonth’s Campaign with Zumalacarregui, Philadelphia, 1836, 2 vols.—Herrera y Tordesillas, A. de, Historia general del mundo del tiempo del Señor Rey Don Felipe II, Madrid, 1601-1612, 3 vols.; Historia general de los hechos de los Castellanos en las islas y tierra firme del mar océano, Madrid, 1601-1615, 1728, 4 vols.; Tratado relación y discurso histórico de los movimientos de Aragon.
Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas lived from 1559 to 1625. He studied in Spain and Italy, where he attracted the attention of Vespasiano di Gonzaga, who being appointed viceroy of Navarre and Valencia, made Herrera his private secretary and afterwards recommended him to Philip II, with the result that Herrera was appointed chief chronicler for America and a chronicler for Castile. He fulfilled these offices during the reigns of the three Philips and acquired a European reputation for capacity and exactitude. The second of the works above mentioned is the chief of many. Part of it is merely a condensation of that of Las Casas, but for the events of his own time he is a most valuable authority, and he had the advantage of access to documents of all kinds.
Hidalgo, D., Diccionario general de bibliografía española, Madrid, 1864-1879, 6 vols.—Hill, C., Story of the Princess des Ursins (Orsini) in Spain, New York, 1899.—Hinojosa, Eduardo de, Historia de los Visigodos.—Höfler, Kaiser Karls (V) erstes Auftreten in Spanien, Vienna, 1874.—Houghton, A., Les Origines de la Restoration des Bourbons en Espagne.—Howard, O. O., Isabella of Castile, New York, 1894.—Hubbard, N. G., Histoire contemporaine de l’Espagne, Paris, 1869-1883, 6 vols.—Huber, V. A., Die Geschichte des Cid, Bremen, 1829; Chrónica del Cid, Marburg, 1844.—Huegel, C. W., Spanien und die Revolution, 1821.—Huerta, F. M., Sobre qual de los reyes godos fué y debe contarse primero de las de su nación en España in Academia de la historia, Memorias, 1796.—Hughes, T. M., Revelations of Spain in 1845, London, 1845, 2 vols.—Hume, M. A. S., Philip II of Spain, London, 1845, 2 vols.; Spain, its Greatness and Decay, Cambridge, 1897; Modern Spain, 1788-1898, London and New York, 1899, in Story of the Nations; The Spanish People, their Origin, Growth, and Influence, New York, 1901.—Hurtado de Mendoza, D., see Mendoza, D. Hurtado de.
Ibn Bassam, Zakira, Tesoro ó cualidades de los habitantes de la península.—Idatius, Chronicum (379 A.D.-469 A.D.) in the Chronica Medii Aevi of Rösler, Tübingen, 1798.
The chronicle of Idatius belongs to the fifth century. Its author was a bishop of Chaves in Portugal, and a native of Lamego, where he was born towards the close of the fourth century. The work is brief, but supplies information not to be found elsewhere.
Irving, W., Conquest of Granada, New York, 1850, 1880; Companions of Columbus, New York, 1880.—Isidorus Hispalensis, Historia Gotorum, Vandalorum et Suevorum, Madrid, 1599, in S. Isidori Hispalensis episcopi opera omnia, Rome, 1797-1803, 7 vols.
Isidorus Hispalensis or Saint Isidore of Seville was the son of a wealthy citizen of Cartagena, where he was born about 570 A.D. His brother, St. Leander, Archbishop of Seville, bestowed great pains on his education, but becoming jealous of his remarkable learning shut him up in a monastery. On Leander’s death Isidore became bishop of Seville. He was regarded as the glory of his age for learning, and left numerous works which, besides the Historia and numerous ecclesiastical writings, include a kind of general encyclopædia of the science of the period, known as the Origines.
Isidorus Pacensis, Chronicon, in Flórez’s España Sagrada.
Isidor Pacensis was bishop of Pax Julia, whence his surname of Pacensis. Pax Julia is identified with the Portuguese town of Beja. The prelate wrote in the eighth century. The names of three of his works have come down to us, but one of them only is extant and is a chronicon extending to the year 754 A.D.