Palacios, Cura de los, see Bernáldez.—Paquis, A., and Dochez, Histoire d’Espagne et de Portugal, Paris, 1844-1848, 2 vols.—Parmele, M. P., A Short History of Spain, New York, 1898.—Pellicer de Ossav y Tovar, J., Annales de la monarquía de España después de su pérdida, Madrid, 1681.—Perez del Pulgar, Hernán, Breve parte de las hazañas del Gran Capitán, printed as Brevo sumario de los hechos del Gran Capitán, Seville, 1527, Madrid, 1834.—Perez Pujol, E., Historia de los instituciones de la España goda.—Perez y Lopez, A. X., Teatro de la legislación universal de España é Indias, Madrid, 1791, 28 vols.—Philippson, M., Heinrich IV und Philipp III, Berlin, 1870-1876, 3 vols.; Ein Ministerium unter Philipp II. Kardinal Granvella am spanischem Hofe 1579-1586, Berlin, 1894.—Pichot, A., Chronique de Charles Quint, 1853.—Pidal, P. J., marques de, Historia de las alteraciones de Aragon en el reinado de Felipe II, 1862-1863, 3 vols.
Pedro José Pidal (1800-1865), distinguished both in literature and in politics, studied law and philosophy at Oviedo. The activity with which he supported the liberal party, 1820-1824, caused him to be condemned to imprisonment in the reaction of 1824, but he escaped his sentence, and in 1828 was pardoned. In 1838 he was elected to the cortes where he was distinguished for his oratory. Successively president of the congress, minister of the interior and of justice, he was active in reforming the administration and in 1851 was instrumental in bringing about an understanding between the Spanish and Papal courts. He left numerous works on jurisprudence, language, and literature.
Pirala, A., Anales de la guerra civil, 1853; Historia de la guerra civil y de los partidos liberal y carlista (with an account of Espartero’s regency), Madrid, 1890, 3 vols.; Historia contemporánea, Madrid, 1875-1880; 1893-1895, 6 vols.; El rey en Madrid y en provincias, 1871.
Antonio Pirala, a contemporary historian, born 1824. He filled various minor offices in the administration and was secretary to King Amadeo. His writings include contributions to various large publications as well as some insignificant ones on religious subjects; but the most important are those historical works mentioned above.
Plummer, M. W., Contemporary Spain as shown by her novelists, New York, 1899.—Polybius, General History, London, 1693, 2 vols.—Pradt, D. D., Mémoires historiques sur la révolution d’Espagne, Paris, 1816.—Prescott, W. H., History of Ferdinand and Isabella, Boston and London, 1838, 1889; History of the Reign of Philip II, Boston and London, 1855-1858, 3 vols.
William Hickling Prescott was born in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1796. He was educated at Harvard College and in 1814 began to study for the law, but an accident having affected his sight he was temporarily obliged to give up all work, and was never again able to use his eyes for long at a time. He devoted himself to the study of history and literature, having books read aloud to him. George Ticknor was the first to direct his attention to Spanish history which attracted him as an unexplored as well as rich field. For the composition of his Ferdinand and Isabella he had collected a great number of original documents and its publication brought him immediate fame, not only in America and England, but in the greater part of Europe. Continuing his labours he produced the Conquest of Mexico, the Conquest of Peru, and two volumes of a history of Philip II and revised Robertson’s Charles V. He died in 1859, before the publication of the third volume of Philip II.
Procopius, De Bello Gothico, Augsburg, 1676; Translation by H. Holcroft, London, 1863.—Pulgar, Fernando del, Crónica de los reyes católicos Don Ferdinando y Doña Isabel, Saragossa, 1567, Valencia, 1780; Los Claros varones de España y las treinta y dos cartas, Madrid, 1775.—Puyol y Alonso, J., La vida política en España, Madrid, 1892.
Quintana, M. J., vidas de españoles célebres, Madrid, 1807-1834, 3 vols.
Ramiro II, Ilustración del reynado de Ramiro II de Aragon, in Academia de la historia, Memorias.—Raynal, G. T. F., Histoire des éstablissements et du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes, Paris, 1771, 4 vols.—Real Academia de la Historia, Memorias, Madrid, 1796-1888; Memorial histórico español: Colección de documentos, opúsculos y antigüedades, Madrid, 1851-1898; Catálogo de las obras publicadas por la Real Academia, Madrid, 1907.—Reynald, H., Histoire d’Espagne depuis la mort de Charles III, Paris, 1882.—Rico y Amat, Historia política e parlamentaria de España, Madrid, 1860-1862, 3 vols.—Ríos, J. Amador de los, Los Judíos en España, Madrid, 1792; Las razas históricas de la península Iberica; Historia Critica de la literature española, Madrid, 1861-1865, 7 vols.