José Amador de los Ríos (1818-1878) was educated at Cordova and afterwards at San Isidro de Madrid, during which time he supported his whole family by painting. He afterwards distinguished himself at the university of Seville. His Estudios sobre los judíos de España, published 1848, won him admission into the Academia de la Historia, and also the appointment to the chair of critical history of literature at the Universidad Central. Besides his historical works he wrote on architecture and on Spanish literature and published some volumes of poems.
Risco, R. P. M., La Castilla y el mas famoso Castellano, Madrid, 1792, 3 vols.; Gesta Roderici Campidocti.—Robertson, W., History of the reign of Charles V, London, 1769, 1856.
William Robertson, a Scotch minister and the son of a Scotch minister was born at Borthwick, Midlothian, in 1721. He attained considerable eminence in the Scotch church as leader of the “moderate” party. His first historical work, The History of Scotland, was published in 1758, when he at once became famous. In 1759 he was appointed chaplain of Stirling Castle, in 1762 principal of Edinburgh University, and in 1764 king’s historiographer. His History of Charles V appeared in 1769. It is his greatest work, the fruit of a careful study of that monarch’s reign, and was a standard book; but its value is now greatly diminished owing to the fact that Robertson had not access to many sources of information which are open to modern research.
Rocca, A. J. N. de, Mémoires sur la guerre des Français en Espagne, Paris, 1814, 1815.—Rodriguez Villa, A., La reina Doña Juana la loca, Madrid, 1892.—Romey, C., Histoire d’Espagne, Paris, 1839-1850, 9 vols.—Rose, H. J., Among the Spanish People, London, 1877, 2 vols.—Rosell, C., Crónicas de los reyes de Castilla, in continuation of Mariana, in Biblioteca de autores, españoles, Madrid, 1875-1878.—Rosseeuw Saint-Hilaire, N., Histoire d’Espagne jusqu’à la mort de Ferdinand VII, Paris, 1844-1879, 14 vols.—Rousset de Missy, J., Histoire publique et secrète de la cour de Madrid depuis l’avènement du roi Philippe, 1719.—Rule, W. H., History of the Inquisition.
Saavedra y Fajardo, D. F. de, Corona gótica Castellana y Austriaca, in Biblioteca de autores españoles, Madrid, 1853.—Sainz de Baranda, P., Clave de la España Sagrada, 1853.—Sala, G., Epitome de los principios y progresos de las guerras de Cataluña, 1640-1641.—Salazar y Mendoza, P. de, Monarquía de España; Origen de las dignidades reglares de Castilla y Leon, 1618.—Salmon, P., La revolución de España de 1808.—Sampire Astoricensis, continuation of Chronicon of Sebastianus Salmanticensis in Flórez’s España Sagrada.—Sanchez, T. A., and others, Cantares del Cid Campeador conocidos con el nombre de poema del Cid, 1864.—Sanchez de Toca, J., Del poder naval en España, Madrid, 1898.—Sandoval, P. de, Historia de la vida y hechos del emperador Carlos V, Valladolid, 1604-1606; translated by John Stevens, London, 1703. Historia de los reyes de Castilla y de Leon, Pamplona, 1615, Madrid, 1792.—San Felipe, Marques de, see Bacallar y Sanna.—San Miguel, E., duque de, Relation de l’expédition de Riego.—Schäfer, see Lembke and Schäfer.—Schirrmacher, F. W., Geschichte von Spanien, Gotha, 1881-1902, 7 vols.—Schlagintweit, E. S., Der spanisch-marokkanische Krieg in den Jahren 1859-1860, Leipsic 1863.—Schott, A., Hispania illustrata, Frankfort, 1603-1608.—Schurtz, H., Die pyrenäische Halbinsel in Helmolt’s Weltgeschichte, Leipsic and Vienna, 1900.—Sebastianus Salmanticensis, Chronicon Regum Legionensium, in Flórez’s España Sagrada.
Sebastian was bishop of Salamanca (whence the epithet, Salmanticensis) in the ninth century. He wrote his chronicle by command of Alfonso III, whose reign is the last described in it. It begins with the history of the Gothic king Recesuinto (reigned 649-672 A.D.) and is the chief authority for the rise of the kingdom of Asturias.
Sédillot, L. A., Histoire générale des Arabes, Paris, 1854.—Sève, E., La situation économique de l’Espagne, Paris, 1887.—Shaw, Sir Charles, Personal memoirs and correspondence ... comprising a narrative of the war for constitutional liberty in Portugal and Spain, London, 1837, 2 vols.—Siguenza, J. de, Historia de la orden de San Gerónimo, Madrid, 1600.—Silos, Monk of (Monachus Silensis) in Flórez’s España Sagrada.
The Monk of Silos was admitted to that convent in the latter half of the eleventh century. His real name is unknown. The Chronicle which he wrote in Latin began with a short account of the ancestors of Alfonso VI, followed by a history of that sovereign’s reign, but the part relating to Alfonso VI is lost. The fragment which remains is highly valued as the work of a careful writer who had access to many ancient and authentic documents. St. Isidore of Seville, Sebastian of Salamanca, and Sampiro are his guides for the earlier portion.
Sismondi, J. C. L., De la littérature du midi de l’Europe, Paris, 1813-1829, 4 vols.; Translation by Roscoe, London, 1848, 2 vols.—Sociedad de bibliófilos españoles, Madrid.—Somerville, A., A Narrative of the British Auxiliary Legion with Incidents of the War in Spain, Glasgow, 1837.—Southey, R., Chronicle of the Cid, 1808, Lowell, 1846; History of the Peninsular War, 1823-1832, 6 vols.—Stanhope, P. H., The Court of Spain under Charles II, London, 1844; War of the Succession in Spain, 1850.—Stewart, C. W., marquis of Londonderry, Story of the Peninsular War, London, 1813, 1869.—Stirling-Maxwell, W., The Cloister Life of the Emperor Charles V, London, 1852; Don John of Austria, London, 1883.—Strada, F., De Bello Belgico ab excessu Carli V, Rome, 1632, Ratisbon, 1754.—Strobel, E. H., The Spanish Revolution, 1868-1875, Boston, 1898.—Suchet, L. G., duc d’Albuféra, Mémoires sur les campagnes en Espagne depuis 1808 jusqu’en 1814, Paris, 1834, 2 vols.; Translation, London, 1829.—Symonds, J. A., Renaissance in Italy, Catholic Reaction, London, 1886, 2 vols.; Renaissance in Italy, Italian Literature, London, 1882, 2 vols.
Tapia, E. de, Historia de la civilización española, Madrid, 1840, 4 vols.—Ternaux-Compans, H., Les Comuneros, Paris, 1834.—Tessé, J. B. R. de F., comte de, Mémoires, Paris, 1806, 2 vols.—Ticknor, G., History of Spanish Literature, New York, 1849; London, 1855, 3 vols.; 1872; Spanish translation by Gayangos and Vedia, Madrid, 1851-1856; German translation by Gelius, Leipsic, 1852-1867.—Toreño, J. M. Q., conde de, Historia del levantamiento, guerra y revolución de España, Madrid, 1835, 5 vols.; Madrid, 1872.—Torquemada, T. de, and others, Copilacion de las instrucciones del oficio de la sancta inquisición, 1576.—Turba, Über den Zug Kaiser Karls V gegen Algier, Vienna, 1890.