FIG. 339. GROUP OF CAMPANULAS.

CAMOENSIA (named in honour of Luis Camoens, a celebrated Portuguese poet). ORD. Leguminosæ. A genus containing a couple of handsome species. C. maxima is the largest-flowered leguminous plant known. It thrives well in rich loam and leaf mould. Cuttings root in sandy loam, in bottom heat, if placed under a bell glass. It has not yet flowered in this country. The other species has not been introduced.

C. maxima (greatest).* fl. cream-colour, yellow, 1ft. long, in short axillary racemes. Angola, 1878. (T. L. S. 25, 36.)

CAMOMILE. See Chamomile.

CAMPANEA (from campana, a bell; alluding to the shape of the flowers). ORD. Gesneraceæ. Stove herbaceous climbing perennials, the only one at present introduced being C. grandiflora. For cultivation, see Gesnera.

C. grandiflora (large-flowered).* fl. in axillary tufts, at ends of long, axillary, and terminal peduncles; corolla white, lined and dotted with crimson. June. l. opposite, oval, acuminated, oblique, soft, crenated, stalked. Plant hairy. h. 2ft. Santa Fé, 1848. (R. H. 1849, 241.)

CAMPANULA (diminutive of campana, a bell; in reference to the shape of the flowers). Bell-flower; Slipperwort. ORD. Campanulaceæ. A genus of mostly perennial—rarely annual or biennial—herbs. Flowers blue or white, for the most part pedunculate, usually racemose, rarely spicate or glomerate. Radical leaves usually different in form from the cauline ones, especially in size. All the species of this genus are elegant when in flower (see Fig. 339), and are very largely grown. The dwarf varieties make excellent subjects for pot culture, rockeries, or the fronts of borders. A rather rich sandy loam, with plenty of drainage, suits these plants. The forms of C. pyramidalis may be kept in cold frames during the winter, and firmly repotted in summer, the crown of the plant being kept just a trifle raised above the soil, or they are at times liable to damp off, through the water lodging around the necks. During hot weather, the pots should be plunged in a bed of ashes. Campanulas are easily raised from seeds, which should be sown in spring.

General Culture. As a rule, few plants are so easily cultivated as these. The strong-growing kinds may be grown with the greatest success in ordinary garden soil, well enriched with manure, while the alpine kinds are easily managed on the rockery. Sow seeds of the annuals in April, and of the biennials in June, in the open, or in a cold frame. The perennials are chiefly propagated by dividing the roots, or by young cuttings, in spring—the latter is by far the best method of propagation with many of the species—or by seeds. Those kinds requiring special treatment are particularised, and those suitable to the rockery are so designated. Perennials, except where otherwise mentioned.

C. Adami (Adam's). fl. bluish, nearly erect, one on the top of each stem; corolla funnel-shaped. July. l. slightly ciliated; radical ones on long petioles, cuneate-spathulate, coarsely toothed at the apex; cauline ones sessile, obovate or linear. h. 6in. Caucasus, 1821. Alpine.

C. Allionii (Allioni's).* fl. usually blue, rarely white, subnutant, large, solitary. July to September. l., radical ones linear-lanceolate, nearly entire, ciliated; lower ones rosulate, bluntish. Stem rather pilose. Root creeping. h. 3in. to 4in. Piedmontese Alps, &c., 1820. A little gem, requiring a well-drained position, in rich sandy loam, with plenty of grit in it, and an abundance of moisture when growing. SYNS. C. alpestris and C. nana. (B. M. 6588.)

C. alpestris (rocky). A synonym of C. Allionii.

C. alpina (alpine).* fl. deep blue, few or numerous, scattered in a pyramidal manner along the whole stem. July. l. linear-lanceolate, repandly-crenate, woolly; radical ones crowded, narrowed at the base. Stem glabrous or woolly. h. 3in. to 9in. Europe, 1779. Rockery. (B. M. 957.)

C. americana (American). fl. erect, one to three from the axil of each bract; corollas blue, a little longer than the calycine lobes. July. l., radical ones rosulate, ovate, acute, a little cordate, petiolate, serrated; cauline ones ovate-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, serrulated. h. 3ft. to 6ft. North America, 1763. Borders.

C. barbata (bearded).* fl. nutant, disposed in a loose, often secund raceme; pedicels one-flowered, rising from the axils of the superior leaves; corolla pale blue or white (in the variety alba), glabrous outside, but woolly in the mouth. June. l. villous, nearly entire; radical ones crowded, lanceolate; cauline ones few, ligulate. h. 6in. to 18in. European Alps, 1752. This is best grown on the rockery. The white variety is very handsome. (B. M. 1258.)

C. Barrelierii (Barrelier's). A synonym of C. fragilis.

C. betonicæfolia (Betony-leaved).* fl. terminal and axillary, the branchlets usually bearing three; corollas purplish-blue, with a pale yellow base, tubular. May. l. elliptic-oblong or ovate, acute, crenate-toothed; radical ones shortly petiolate. Stems much branched. Plant pilose. h. 1½ft. Mount Olympus in Bithynia, 1820. Borders. (S. F. G. 210.)

C. bononiensis (Bononian).* fl. bluish-violet, rather small, numerous, disposed in long racemes. July. l. serrulated, ovate, acuminate, dark green above, pale beneath; radical ones cordate, petiolate; upper ones stem-clasping. h. 2ft. to 3ft. Europe, 1773. Borders. There is also a very showy white-flowered variety.

C. cæspitosa (tufted).* fl. drooping, terminal, solitary, and sometimes three to four at the top of each stem; corollas deep blue or pure white (in the variety alba). May to August. l., radical ones crowded, on short petioles, ovate, glandularly toothed, shining. Stems numerous, tufted. Root fibrous, creeping. h. 4in. to 6in. Temperate parts of Europe, 1813. Rockery, delighting in rich fibrous loam and leaf mould.