Arctic Archipelago. Embraces the islands lying north of the mainland of Canada. Transferred to the Dominion by an Imperial order-in-council, Sept. 1, 1880. Bib.: Johnson, Canada's Northern Fringe.
Argall, Sir Samuel. Born in Walthamstow, England. A type of the founders of British colonial dominion. Sent, May, 1609, with a small vessel to the new settlement at Jamestown, Va., to trade and fish. The following year took out Lord Delaware to Jamestown, arriving in time to save the colony from starvation. In 1812 carried off Pocahontas to the settlement of Jamestown. Later in the year sent with a vessel of 14 guns to destroy the French settlements on the north coast, regarded as infringing on the Virginia patent. Captured Mount Desert, St. Croix, and Port Royal. On return voyage forced the commandant at New Amsterdam to recognize English suzerainty by hauling down the Dutch flag and running up the English. May, 1617, made deputy governor of Virginia. In 1620 served against the Algerine pirates under Sir Robert Mansell. Knighted in 1622. In 1625 admiral of a squadron cruising after a hostile Dunkirk fleet, and took some prizes. In October, 1625, with the futile expedition against Cadiz under Lord Wimbledon. Died, 1626. Bib.: Argall's own narrative; Parkman, Pioneers of France; Calnek and Savary, History of the County of Annapolis.
Argenson, Pierre de Voyer, Vicomte d' (1626-1710). Succeeded Jean de Lauson as governor of New France, 1658. His governorship marked by personal quarrels with Laval, and a series of humiliating raids throughout the colony by the Iroquois. Recalled in 1661. Index: F Arrives as governor, 43; on Laval, 45. L His opinion of Laval, 29; hostility to Maisonneuve, 176. Bib.: Parkman, Old Régime; Douglas, Old France in the New World.
Argyll, John Douglas Sutherland Campbell, ninth Duke of (1845- ). Married H. R. H. Princess Louise, 1871; succeeded to dukedom, 1900. Represented Argyllshire in Parliament, 1868-1878. Governor-general of Canada (as Marquis of Lorne), 1878-1883. Founded Royal Society of Canada, 1881. Index: Md Refers Letellier difficulty to Imperial government, 249-250. Bib.: Works: Memories of Canada and Scotland; Imperial Federation; Canadian Pictures; Passages from the Past. For biog., see Dent, Can. Por.; Who's Who; Collins, Canada under the Administration of Lord Lorne.
Arkansas River. L Reached by Jolliet and Marquette, 146.
Armistice. In War of 1812. Index: Bk Effects of, 261-263, 269, 272; termination of, 270; position of enemy strengthened during its continuance, 272.
Armour, John Douglas (1830-1903). Educated at Upper Canada College and the University of Toronto; studied law and called to the bar, 1853; made Q.C., 1867; Bencher of the Law Society, 1871. Appointed a puisne judge of the Court of Queen's Bench of Ontario, 1877; raised to the chief-justiceship, 1887. Chief-justice of Ontario and president of the Court of Appeal, 1890. Judge of the Supreme Court of Canada, 1902; in the same year represented Canada on the Alaska Boundary Commission. Bib.: Morgan, Can. Men; Dent, Can. Por.
Armstrong, Lawrence. Came to Nova Scotia as lieutenant-colonel of General Philipps's regiment. Appointed to the governor's Council, 1720. Appointed lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia, 1724; held office until 1739. Served in America for more than thirty years. Committed suicide, 1739. Bib.: Campbell, History of Nova Scotia; Selections from the Public Documents of Nova Scotia, ed. by Akins.
Arnold, Benedict (1741-1801). A druggist at New Haven, Conn. When the War of Independence broke out, in 1775, organized an expedition against British on Lake Champlain. The same year led a body of picked men to Quebec by way of the Kennebec and Chaudière. After the unsuccessful assault on Quebec, was in several small engagements near Montreal; finally driven out of the province. Given command of Philadelphia; took offence at slights put upon him by Congress, and attempted to betray West Point to Clinton. Afterwards commanded a corps of American refugees on the British side; settled for a time in the West Indies; died in London. Index: Dr Captures and abandons Fort St. Johns, 83; his early life, 104; assigned command of expedition against Quebec, 105; constitution of his force, 106; his march through the wilderness, 107-109; assisted by the habitants, 110; crosses St. Lawrence and lands at Wolfe's Cove, 110; sends summons for surrender of Quebec, 111; retires to Pointe aux Trembles, 111; repulsed and wounded in attack on Quebec, 128; surrender of his men, 131; is transferred to Montreal, 132-135; advances to meet Foster, 142; burns château of Senneville, 143; his narrow escape, 147; in command of American ships on Lake Champlain, 155; defeated near Crown Point, 156. S Applies for grant of land in Upper Canada, 104. Hd His repulse at Quebec, 112; the invasion, 127; his "Address to the People of America," 227; commissioners sent to Montreal to confer with, 276; furnishes list of rebels to Clinton, 281. See also Montgomery; Ethan Allen; American Invasion. Bib.: Arnold, Life of Benedict Arnold; Todd, The Real Benedict Arnold; Sparks, American Biography; Codman, Arnold's Expedition to Quebec; Henry, Arnold's Campaign against Quebec; Smith, Arnold's March from Cambridge to Quebec; Jones, The Campaign for the Conquest of Canada in 1776; Cyc. Am. Biog.
Arnoux. WM King's surgeon, Montcalm carried into house of, 218.