Aroostook War, 1839. W Arose out of unsettled boundary question between Maine and New Brunswick, 135. Bib.: Sprague, The North-Eastern Boundary Controversy and the Aroostook War.
Arrangement of 1830. Provided that United States vessels should have access to ports in the British West Indies, in return for a similar privilege granted to British vessels in the ports of the United States.
Arthur. Clergyman. Index: S Teaches school at Niagara, 167-168.
Arthur, Sir George (1784-1854). The last lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada, 1838-1841. The chief event of his tenure of office was the suppression of the Upper Canadian Rebellion. Had been successively governor of Honduras and Van Diemen's Land previous to his Canadian appointment; and on leaving Canada appointed to the governorship of Bombay. Index: Mc Governor of Upper Canada, 435; disregards clemency petitions, 435; learns of intended attack on Canada, 441; renews reward for Mackenzie's capture, 445; proposes exchange of prisoners and refugees, 463; United States refuses, 463. Bk Organizes military gathering at Queenston Heights, 313. Sy Succeeds Sir F. B. Head, 109; reactionary in his views, 109-110; his attitude towards responsible government, 125-126; cautioned by colonial secretary, 127; instructed to act in harmony with new governor-general, 144; meets him at Montreal, 153; explains his position and views, 156-161; receives governor-general at Toronto, and hands over seal of province, 197. R His efforts to repel American attacks, 117; Ryerson disappointed in, 118; proposes division of Clergy Reserves, 119. See Rebellion of 1837 (Upper Canada). Bib.: Kingsford, History of Canada; Dent, Upper Canadian Rebellion; Bradshaw, Self-Government in Canada; Read, Lieutenant-Governors of Upper Canada.
Asgill, Sir Charles (1762-1823). A lieutenant in Cornwallis's army, 1780. Taken prisoner at Yorktown, condemned to death by the Americans, to avenge death of a Revolutionary officer. Marie Antoinette having been interested in his fate, interceded, and Asgill was released. Afterwards served in the Low Countries and in Ireland. Index: Dr Chosen by lot for retaliatory hanging, 198. Bib.: Cyc. Am. Biog.
Ashburton, Alexander Baring, Baron (1774-1848). Entered Parliament in 1806. Opposed measures against American commerce. President of board of trade and master of mint, 1834. Raised to peerage, 1835. Commissioner at Washington for settlement of boundary dispute, 1842. Index: BL Settles difficulties between Great Britain and the United States, 118. Bib.: Dict. Nat. Biog.
Ashburton, John Dunning, First Baron (1731-1783). Index: Dr Opposes Quebec Act in House of Commons, 65. Bib.: Dict. Nat. Biog.
Ashburton Treaty. Negotiated between Great Britain and the United States, 1842, Lord Ashburton acting for the former and Daniel Webster on behalf of the latter. Provided for the settlement of the international boundary between Maine and Canada. Of the territory in dispute, the United States got about seven-twelfths and Canada five-twelfths. Also provided for the determination of the boundary in the St. Mary River and thence to the Lake of the Woods; for the free navigation of the St. John River; for the suppression of the slave trade, and for the extradition of criminals. Index: Sy Sydenham takes part in negotiations leading to, 336. W Boundary question settled by, 135. T Settlement of, checks projected railway from St. Andrews to Quebec, 53. BL Settlement of, 118. Bib.: Dent, Last Forty Years; Winsor, Narrative and Critical History, Vol. vii; White, The Ashburton Treaty, in Univ. Mag., October, 1907; The Ashburton Treaty: an Afterword, in Univ. Mag., December, 1908; Houston, Canadian Constitutional Documents; Hertslet, Treaties and Conventions.
Assembly. See House of Assembly.
Assiniboia. One of the provisional districts carved out of the North-West Territories, in 1882. Now included in the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, principally in the latter.