New York City. Hd Haldimand in command at, 1, 87, 90, 91, 96, 121; Amherst in command at, 41; Gage in command at, 53; influenced by outbreak of violence at Boston, 86; rioting in, 91, 95; Lord North burnt in effigy at, 97; Haldimand's departure from, 102; his property in, 103, 107; difficulties of communication with, 129; animosity against British in, 252.
New York State. Hd Proposal to build Florida barracks there, 79; slow in joining revolt, 98, 101; Vermont's dispute with, 198, 203, 209, 215, 217; Indians migrate from, 258. F British colony, plan for conquest of, 231.
Newark. See Niagara.
Newcastle, Henry Pelham Tiennes Pelham Clinton, Duke of (1811-1864). Entered Parliament, 1832; chief secretary for Ireland, 1846; and secretary for war and the colonies, 1852-1854; secretary for war in 1854-1855; colonial secretary, 1859-1864; visited Canada in 1860, with the Prince of Wales, afterwards Edward VII. Index: E Secretary of state for colonies, 167. Md Colonial secretary, accompanies Prince of Wales on his visit to Canada in 1860, 88; his difficulty at Kingston with Orange Order, 88; threatens to disallow high tariff measure, 218. T And Intercolonial Railway question, 55, 56; on Confederation question, 64. Bib.: Dict. Nat. Biog.
News. Newspaper published at Toronto. Established, 1880. Index: Mc Urges monument to Mackenzie, 521.
Newspapers. Mc Postage on, 93, 103, 106; their tributes to Mackenzie, 509-523. See also under names of individual newspapers.
Niagara (Newark). Settled by Loyalists about 1782. Selected by Simcoe ten years later as the capital of Upper Canada, and named by him Newark. The first Legislature of the province met there in 1792. The first public library in the province established in 1800. Index: Bk First seat of government of Upper Canada, 57. S First seat of government of Upper Canada, 50; Loyalists settled at, 58; social life at, 181. L Fort built at, 216. Bib.: Kirby, Annals of Niagara; Reminiscences of Niagara (Niagara Hist. Soc., n.d.); Carnochan, Niagara Library, 1800 to 1820.
Niagara Falls. First described from actual observation by Father Hennepin, in the narrative of his journey of 1678. The falls are indicated on Champlain's map of 1632, and are briefly mentioned in Ragueneau's Relation des Hurons, 1648. The name is of Iroquois origin. Bib.: Hulbert, Niagara River; Spencer, Falls of Niagara.
Niagara, Fort. S Guards entrance to Niagara River, 51; held by the British pending settlement of Loyalist affairs, 55; cannon mounted on, 129; handed over to United States, 142. Hd Surrendered to British, 26; number of refugees at, 152. Bk Its history, 54-56; its transfer to United States, 56; rations issued from, to Loyalists, 58; silenced by Fort George, 309.
Nichol, Lieutenant-Colonel. Bk Quartermaster-general of militia, Upper Canada, 206; his statistical account of Upper Canada, 207; supports Brock's proposal to attack Detroit, 248.