Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. Founded by the Marquis of Lorne (afterwards Duke of Argyll), in 1880, the first exhibition being held in Ottawa the same year. The first president was L. R. O'Brien. In furtherance of its objects the Academy established a national gallery in Ottawa, to which it has contributed a number of paintings, and which has also received some assistance from the Dominion government, though its support is very inadequate. The Academy has held a number of exhibitions in the different Canadian cities; and supports classes for drawing from the living model. Bib.: Johnson, First Things in Canada.
Royal Highland Emigrants. Hd Regiment raised in Canada, 111, 112, 306; disbanded and take up lands, 255, 262, 265. Dr Composition of corps, 93; arrival of detachment of, at Quebec, 112.
Royal Military College, Kingston. Established by Act of Parliament in 1874; opened 1875. Bib.: Mayne, The Royal Military College in Canada: An Ency., vol. 4.
Royal North-West Mounted Police. Organized in 1873 by the Dominion government, for the preservation of law and order in the new settlements west of Lake Superior. The force at first numbered only 190 men, subsequently increased to nearly 1000. The police patrol the frontier, and preserve the peace throughout the whole vast region from the international boundary to the Arctic. They have posts on the shores of Hudson Bay, in the Yukon, and on Herschell Island, off the mouth of the Mackenzie. Bib.: Haydon, The Riders of the Plains.
Royal Regiment of New York. Dr Raised by Sir John Johnson, 151, 173.
Royal Roussillon Regiment. WM One battalion of, sent to Canada, 12; deserters from, give information to Wolfe, 171, 184; in retreat from Jacques Cartier, alone kept in good order, 217; in battle of Ste. Foy, 257; 262. Bib.: Doughty, Siege of Quebec.
Royal Society of Canada. Founded by the Marquis of Lorne (afterward Duke of Argyll) in 1881, during his governorship in Canada. The first meeting was held in Ottawa, in May, 1882. The society is divided into four sections: French literature, history, etc.; English literature, history, etc.; mathematical, chemical, and physical sciences; and geological and biological sciences. Each section is limited to twenty members. The original members were nominated by the Marquis of Lorne. Subsequent vacancies filled by election on the nomination of three members. The first president was (Sir) J. W. Dawson, and the vice-president Pierre J. O. Chauveau. The president of section 1 was (Sir) James M. Le Moine; of section 2 (Sir) Daniel Wilson; of section 3 T. Sterry Hunt; and of section 4 A. R. C. Selwyn. (Sir) J. G. Bourinot was the first secretary of the society. An account of its organization, with the list of original members, will be found in the first volume of Transactions, 1882-1883. Bib.: Proceedings and Transactions, 1st series, 1882-1894, 12 vols.; 2nd series, 1895-1906, 12 vols.; 3rd series, 1907, to date.
Royal William. Built at Quebec in the year 1830; launched in the spring of 1831. On Aug. 5, 1833, she sailed from Quebec for London, stopping at Pictou for coal. She arrived at Gravesend in twenty-five days from Pictou—the first vessel to cross the Atlantic wholly under steam. She had been named by Lady Aylmer, wife of the governor-general, after William IV. A few days after her arrival in London, the vessel was chartered as a troop-ship by the Portuguese government. In 1894, on the occasion of the opening of the Colonial Conference at Ottawa, Lord Aberdeen unveiled a tablet in the entrance to the Library of Parliament, bearing this inscription: "In honour of the men by whose enterprise, courage and skill the Royal William, the first vessel to cross the Atlantic by steam power, was wholly constructed in Canada, and navigated to England in 1833. The pioneer of those mighty fleets of ocean steamers by which passengers and merchandise of all nations are now conveyed over every sea throughout the world." Bib.: Fleming, Notes on Ocean Steam Navigation (Can. Inst. Trans., 1891-1892); Christie, History of Lower Canada.
Royal William, H. M. S. WM Conveys Wolfe's remains to England, 238.
Ruette d'Auteuil, Denis-Joseph. L Crown prosecutor, 167; temporarily banished from Quebec, 168. F Attorney-general, 106; death of, 138.