Ruette d'Auteuil, François-Madeleine-Fortuné. F Son of Denis, succeeds him, 138; makes trouble for Intendant Meulles, 174; waits on Frontenac, 255.
Rumigny. WM At Sillery, directs artillery fire on enemy on opposite shore, 161.
Rupert's Land. The name applied to the territories of the Hudson's Bay Company, particularly to that portion lying west of Hudson Bay and east of the Rocky Mountains. The Company held these lands under royal charter granted by Charles II in 1670. The first governor of the Company was Prince Rupert, after whom the territories were named. The Company's title was repeatedly challenged, but its validity was always upheld by the law officers of the crown. In 1869 the territories were transferred to Canada, for the sum of £300,000, the company retaining certain blocks of land around their trading-posts and one-twentieth of the arable land of the country. See also Hudson's Bay Company; North-West Territories.
Rupert, Prince (1619-1683). Third son of the elector palatine, Frederick V, and Elizabeth, daughter of James I of England. Served in the army during the Thirty Years' War; commanded the royal cavalry in the Civil War in England. Returned to England at the Restoration. The first governor of the Hudson's Bay Company. Bib.: Dict. Nat. Biog.; Erskine, A Royal Cavalier: the Romance of Rupert, Prince Palatine.
Russell, Alexander J. Ch His papers on Champlain's astrolabe, 76.
Russell, John, first Earl (1792-1878). Born in London. Entered Parliament, 1813; home secretary, 1835, in Melbourne's ministry; in 1839 colonial secretary; and in 1846 premier. In 1852 foreign secretary in Aberdeen's ministry; in 1854 president of the Council, and in 1855 secretary for the colonies. Prime minister, 1865, with Gladstone as leader of the Commons. Index: Sy The leading member of the Melbourne government, 55; Sydney Smith on, 55; becomes colonial secretary, 59; his speech in House of Commons on reunion of Upper and Lower Canada, 117-122; asks for civil list, 120; not prepared to grant responsible government in the full sense, 121; his resolutions, 122; withdraws resolutions and submits bill, 123; his reply to Sir George Arthur on the subject of responsible government, 127; his letter accompanying Sydenham's instructions, 141-144; his despatch on responsible government, 163-169; his despatch on tenure of executive office, 180-182; his views on emigration, 322; Sydenham's high testimony to, 343; as leader of opposition, defends Sir Charles Bagot, 351. B Justifies Metcalfe's policy, 23; his reply to Cardinal Wiseman's pastoral, 45-46, 121; and the Clergy Reserves, 58-59. P Secures authority for governor to expend moneys without authorization of Lower Canada Assembly, 117-118; defends the measure, 118; condemned by Bouchette, 151. E His colonial policy, 26, 227-228; supports Metcalfe, 37; wise choice of Elgin as governor, 40; supports Rebellion Losses Bill, 78; his ministry forced to resign, 165; on the severance of the colonies, 229, 231. BL Denies representative government to Lower Canada, 46; Sydenham's letter to, 60; his despatch to Sydenham, 65, 137; on constitutional government, 231, 234; comes into power, 267; attitude towards colonies, 269; not unreservedly favourable to colonial self-government, 273; defends right of Canadians to legislate as they please, 325. C Effect of his resolutions, 2. Mc Opposes elective Legislative Council, 19; opposes Cabinet government, 19; instructions to Sydenham, 20; seizes Lower Canada funds, 324; opposes responsible government, 325; on Union Act, 405. W Suggests new charter for King's College, Fredericton, 53, 54; on tenure of public offices, 57, 60, 61; Roebuck's interview with, 110; Sydenham's despatch to, 114. Bib.: Dict. Nat. Biog.
Russell, Peter (1755-1825). Born in England. In 1791 accompanied Simcoe to Canada, and appointed inspector-general; later becoming a member of the Assembly and of the Executive Council. Administered the government of Upper Canada, 1796-1799. Index: S Recommended by Simcoe as collector of customs, 46, 178; arrives in Canada, 49; member of Legislative Council, 79; executive councillor, 79; sworn in as administrator, 217. Bib.: Read, Lieutenant-Governors of Upper Canada.
Russian-American Fur Company. Chartered in 1799, with a monopoly of the fur trade of Russian America. It absorbed the various smaller independent companies, and for a time was a powerful rival of the Hudson's Bay Company. Its operations were directed by Baranof, as governor of Russian America, and the headquarters of the company were established at New Archangel (modern Sitka), in 1800. Index: D Claim north-west coast of America, 45; dissolved, 1861, 45. Bib.: Dall, Alaska; Bancroft, History of Alaska; Laut, Vikings of the Pacific.
Russian Convention, 1825. D Its provisions, 118-119.
Russian Explorations. D Stimulated by fur trade, 38; America reached by way of Siberia, 38; Vitus Bering's expeditions, 39-40; explorations between 1764 and 1769, 42; discoveries and colonies along the coast, 44-45; Baranof, Wrangell and Etoline, 44-46; explorations of Krusenstern, Lisiansky, and others, 1787-1822, 46. Bib.: Muller, Voyages from Asia to America; Coxe, Discoveries of the Russians between Asia and America; Lauridsen, Vitus Bering, trans. by Olson; Kotzebue, Voyages, trans. by Lloyd; Krusenstern, Voyage; Lutke, Voyage; Bancroft, History of Alaska; Laut, Vikings of the Pacific.