The Northmen, Columbus and Cabot, 985-1503

by Unknown

• Dama, Alvaro, [253].
• Darien, Gulf of, [405 n.]
• Davis, John, voyage to Greenland, [74 n.]
• Delfin, El, [340], [353].
• Demarcation Line, and Columbus, [326];
• Papal, [416];
• agreement between Spain and Portugal, [416].
• Diaz, Bartolomé, [252], [397 n.]
• Dimunarvag, [16].
• Dögurdar River, country between, and Skraumuhlaups River, occupied by Aud, [15].
• Dominica, discovered, [285];
• described [285];
• mentioned, [290], [321];
• report of gold, [293];
• Columbus heads for, [330].
• Drago, Boca del, named, [340];
• Columbus’s ships in peril in, [354-355].
• Drangar, [16], [45].
• Drepstokk, Heriulf at, [47].
• Drontheim, Leif arrives in, [47].
• Drontheim, Archbishop of, papal letter to, [70 n.];
• jurisdiction, [71].
• Drontheim, Archbishop Valkendorf of, [74 n.]
• Dublin, captured by King Olaf, [14].
• Duelling-Hrafn, killed by Eric the Red, [16], [45].

• Earthly Paradise, Columbus and, [364-365].
• Einar of Laugarbrekka, [18].
• Einar, of Einarsfirth, settles in Greenland, [47].
• Einar, son of Thorgeir, [18];
• sues for Gudrid’s hand, [19].
• Elefante, Cabo del, [168], [171].
• Enamorado, Cabo del, [221].
• Engaño, Cabo del, [229 n.], [295 n.], [322].
• Enriquez, Beatrix, [321].
• Eric, Earl, visited by Biarni Herjulfson, [150].
• Eric the Red, saga of, [3-5], [14-43];
• goes to Iceland, [14], [45];
• in Drangar and Haukadal, [15-16], [45];
• voyage, [16-17], [45-46];
• discovers Greenland, [16], [17], [46];
• return to Iceland, [17], [46];
• fight with Thorgest, [17];
• names and colonizes Greenland, [17], [46];
• mentioned, [20];
• welcomes Thorbiorn to Eastern Settlement, [23];
• unwilling to embrace Christianity, [26];
• and expedition to land discovered by Leif, [26-27], [50];
• receives Gudrid, [29];
• welcomes Biarni and Thorfinn Karlsefni, [30], [42];
• mentioned, [31], [33], [56];
• at Brattahlid, [48];
• death, [54].
• Eric Gnupson, Bishop of Greenland, expedition, [69].
• Eric Uppsi, see [Eric Gnupson].
• Ericsey, Eric the Red at, [17], [46].
• Ericsfirth, Eric the Red at, [17], [46];
• mentioned, [26], [27], [29], [30], [54], [55], [59], [64].
• Ericsholms, Eric in, [17].
• Ericsstad, Eric at, [16].
• Ericsstadir, Eric the Red in, [15], [45].
• Ericsvag, [16], [45].
• Escocesa, Bahia, [220 n.]
• Escobedo, Rodrigo de, [110], [184];
• remains in Española, [209], [210].
• Escudo, Puerto, [168 n.], [171 n.]
• Eskimos, and Vinland, [10], [41 n.];
• and Greenlanders, [71 n.]-[72 n.]
• Española discovered, [168];
• named, [173], [264];
• natives, [175-177], [180-187], [190-196], [198], [201-203], [205-210], [222-225], [265-269], [297-307];
• products, [177], [178];
• climate, [178];
• description, [181-182], [192-193], [264-268];
• Columbus praises land and people, [198], [201], [202];
• first settlement, [204], [206], [268];
• reports of gold, [215];
• coast explored, [215-228];
• recommendations of Columbus for colonization and commerce, [273-277];
• return of Columbus, [295];
• scenery, [296];
• fate of first settlement, [300-304];
• building of city Isabella, [308];
• products, [310-312];
• ships despatched to, [320-323];
• supplies for, [348-350], [353];
• revolts, [360], [366], [373];
• colonists, [373], [374-377];
• arrival of Bobadilla, [375-378];
• Columbus taken prisoner, [380];
• mining, [382];
• Columbus forbidden to land, [390];
• and Columbus’s fourth voyage, [406-408];
• condition, [415].
• Estrella, Cabo de la, [168], [171].
• Exploring expeditions, independent, authorized by Ferdinand and Isabella, [360].
• Eyiulf of Sviney, [16], [45].
• Eyiulf the Foul, [15], [16], [45].
• Eyrar, Biarni arrives at, [48].
• Eyxney, [16], [45].

• Fava, [134].
• Fayal, mentioned, [235].
• Ferdinand and Isabella, contract with Columbus, [77-80];
• and route to Indies, [78];
• patent to Columbus, [81-84];
• war with Moors, [89];
• and Demarcation Line, [323], [326];
• and Columbus, [331];
• authorize independent exploring expeditions, [360];
• and Hojeda, [373];
• and Bobadilla, [376];
• and Columbus’s fourth voyage, [389-418].
• Fernandina, discovered, [116-117], [263];
• Columbus approaches, [118];
• natives, [119];
• described, [119];
• coast explored, [120-122];
• sighted, [129].
• Ferro, island of, [93], [104], [112], [137], [237], [284], [323].
• Finnbogi, voyage to Wineland, [62], [63];
• death, [64].
• Flat Island Book, [3];
• composition, [4];
• “The Vinland History,” and collateral sources, [8-9];
• reliability of “Vinland History” questioned, [8-10], [12].
• Flechas, Golfo de las, [228].
• Flechas, Puerto de las, Columbus in, [222-228].
• Flores, island, [235-237].
• Fortunate Isles, and first meridian of Marinus, [396 n.]
• Fraile, Punta del, [166 n.]
• Frances, Cabo, [220].
• Frances, Puerto, [199 n.]
• Frederick, Bishop, in Iceland, [46].
• Freydis, [32];
• drives off Skrellings, [38];
• fate, [39];
• marriage, [48];
• voyage to Vinland, [62-64];
• and death of Helgi and Finnbogi, [63-64];
• return, [64-65].
• Froda-wonder, [24].
• Fuma, [206].
• Funchal, Columbus in, [320].
• Furdustrandir, see [Wonder-strands].

• Galeota, Cape, Columbus sees, [332 n.]
• Galera, Cabo de la, [332].
• Gallega, La, ship of Columbus on fourth voyage, [390].
• Gama, Vasco da, [323 n.];
• in south Atlantic, [323 n.], [326 n.]
• Gard, overseer at Lysufirth, death, [27], [29].
• Gardar, Freydis at, [48];
• Freydis leaves, [62];
• bishopric of, in fifteenth century, [70-74].
• Gatos, Puerto de, [353].
• Geirstein, [16].
• Geography, Columbus’s conceptions of world, [387], [396-398].
• Glaumbœiar-land, Thorfinn Karlsefni in, [65].
• Glaumbœr, church in, [66].
• Gomera, Columbus at, [93], [284], [320];
• mentioned, [94].
• Gomera, Count of, see [Peraza, Guillen].
• Good Hope, Cape of, [397 n.]
• Gordo, Puerto, [400].
• Gottskalk, Annals of, quoted, [69 n.]
• Government of Española, Columbus’s plan, [274];
• Columbus’s desire to be relieved, [375];
• Bobadilla’s arrival, [375-376];
• immunities proclaimed, [376-378].
• Gracia, Isla de, [338-341].
• Gracia, Rio de, [219].
• Gracias á Dios, Cape, [391], [392 n.]
• Gran Can, [89];
• embassy to Rome, [89];
• and Columbus’s belief that he has reached Asia, [126], [131], [134], [135], [136], [145], [157], [174], [268];
• and Cabot’s landfall, [423].
• Gran Canaria, Columbus at, [92], [283].
• Granja, Puerto de la, [187 n.]
• Greenland, Norse colonists, [10];
• discovery, [17];
• explored, [17];
• named, [17];
• colonization, [17];
• Thorbiorn in Western Settlement, [20-23];
• introduction of Christianity, [23-26];
• sickness in Western Settlement, [27-29], [57-59];
• Biarni and Thorfinn Karlsefni in, [30-32], [59];
• return of Thorfinn Karlsefni, [62];
• Helgi and Finnbogi in, [62];
• mentioned, [67 n.];
• bishopric of Gardar, [71-74];
• conditions in colony, [71-74].
• Grimhild, death and burial, [57], [58].
• Guacamari, see [Guacanagarí].
• Guacanagarí, Indian cacique, [193 n.], [207];
• Columbus takes leave of, [209-210];
• mentioned, [298-300], [303], [361];
• suspected of treachery, [301], [305-307];
• receives Columbus, [304-305].
• Guadalquivir River, [180].
• Guadeloupe, [225 n.], [290 n.];
• Columbus at, [286];
• mentioned, [343];
• natives report mainland to south, [359].
• Guaigo, [394 n.]
• Guanahani, discovered, [110], [263];
• Columbus takes possession of, [110];
• natives, [111-113];
• mentioned, [131], [134], [151].
• Guanaja, Columbus at, [391 n.], [392 n.]
• Guarico, [188 n.], [196 n.]
• Guarionex, [206].
• Gudrid, ancestry, [15 n.], [18];
• in Arnarstapi, [18];
• return to Laugarbrekka, [19];
• and prophecy of Thorbiorg, [22-23];
• marries Thorstein Ericson, [27], [56];
• in Western Settlement, Greenland, [27-29], [57-59];
• goes to Eastern Settlement, [29], [59];
• marries Thorfinn Karlsefni, [31], [59];
• goes to Iceland, [43];
• descendants, [43-44], [66];
• accompanies Thorfinn Karlsefni to Vinland, [60-61];
• in Iceland, [66].
• Guevara, Ferdinand de, in Xaragua, [374].
• Guiga, [399 n.]
• Guinea, [145];
• and reported trade of canoes with land to west, [326];
• navigation of Portuguese, [332];
• exploration, [351-352].
• Guisay, see [Quinsay].
• Gunnbiorn, son of Ulf the Crow, voyage, [16], [46].
• Gunnbiorns-skerries, discovered, [16], [46].
• Gutierrez, Pedro, [109];
• sent ashore, [200];
• remains in Española, [209-210].

• Haekia, in Vinland, [33].
• Hafgrim, settles in Greenland, [47].
• Haki, in Vinland, [33].
• Halldis, [18];
• death, [20];
• mentioned, [22].
• Hallveig, daughter of Einar, [18].
• Hanno, voyage, [328].
• Harold, the Stern-ruler, King of Norway, voyage, [68].
• Haukadal, Eric the Red in, [15];
• Eric banished, [16], [45].
• Hauk Erlendsson, book, [3-5];
• reliability, [8].
• Hayti, [168 n.], [295], [391 n.]
• Hebrides, Aud and Thorstein go to, [14];
• Leif in, [24-25].
• Helgi, voyage to Wineland, [62-63];
• death, [64].
• Helgi Thorbrandsson, settles in Greenland, [47].
• Helluland, identification, [10];
• named, [51];
• explored, [32].
• Henry VII., of England, reception of John Cabot, [424];
• plan of second voyage, [425], [428];
• preparations for second voyage, [429].
• Heriulf, accompanies Eric the Red to Greenland, [46-47];
• at Heriulfsness, [48-49].
• Heriulfsness, Thorbiorn arrives in, [20];
• Heriulf at, [46], [48-49].
• Hermoso, Cabo, [123], [124].
• Hesperides, and Cape Verde Islands, [322 n.]
• Hierro, island, see [Ferro].
• Hierro, Punta del, [220].
• Hojeda, Alonso de, [312 n.];
• explores Cibao, [313 n.];
• voyage, [360], [416 n.];
• arrival in Española, [373];
• mentioned, [376].
• Holar, Bishop of, ordered to inquire into affairs of Gardar bishopric, [73].
• Holmar, Eric winters at, [46].
• Holmlatr, Eric spends winter in, [17].
• Hop, Karlsefni at, [36], [39], [40-41].
• Horn-Strands, [45].
• Hrafn, settles in Greenland, [47].
• Hrafnsfirth, Eric enters, [17], [46].
• Hrafnsgnipa, [46].
• Huego, reports of land to the southwest, [326].
• Hvamm, Aud in, [15].
• Hvarfsgnipa, [17].
• Hvitramanna-land, [42].

• Ibarro, Bernaldo de, quoted, [336].
• Iceland, saga-telling period, [7];
• Eric and Thorvald in, [15], [45];
• mentioned, [17], [18];
• the Froda-wonder, [24];
• Thorfinn Karlsefni sails to, [43], [65];
• Biarni Herjulfson in, [48];
• extracts from Annales regii, [69];
• English fish trade, [427].
• Iguana Grande, island, [215 n.]
• Illugi, son of Aslak, [16].
• Indians, trade with Columbus, [111-113], [119], [121], [127], [135], [142], [165], [194-195];
• enslaved, [112], [144], [145], [267], [287], [292], [293], [343-344];
• Columbus’s policy towards, [110], [116-118], [126], [192], [194], [195], [322];
• named, [110];
• and tobacco-smoking, [141];
• signal fires, [180], [224];
• fight with Spaniards, [224], [292-293];
• weapons, [307];
• of Guanahani, [110-112];
• of Santa Maria de la Concepcion, [115-116];
• of Fernandina, [119-122];
• of Cuba, [139-142];
• of Española, [175-177], [180-187], [190-196], [198], [201-203], [205-210], [222-225], [265-269], [297-307];
• at Trinidad, [335-336];
• of mainland of South America, [342-344], [347];
• of Veragua, [402].
• See also [Caribs] and [Mayas].
• Ingolf, colonist of Iceland, [17], [47].
• Innocent VIII., pope, elects Matthias Bishop of Gardar, [74].
• Ireland, Thorhall driven ashore on, [35].
• Ireland the Great, see [Hvitramanna-land].
• Isabelica, Punta, [217 n.]
• Isabella, aids Columbus, [371-372];
• reports of illness, [373].
• See also [Ferdinand and Isabella].
• Isabella, in Española, preparations for city, [308];
• Columbus’s departure, [366];
• mentioned, [321], [322].
• Isabella, island, discovered by Columbus, [123], [124], [263];
• Columbus leaves [128];
• mentioned, [151].
• Isleo, Cabo del, [127], [128].

• Jacmel, [407 n.]
• Jaederen, Thorvald and Eric the Red leave, [15], [45].
• Jamaica, [215], [338];
• Columbus’s shipwreck, [387];
• Columbus bound for, [389];
• Columbus reaches, [406].
• Jardines, described, [344];
• natives, [345-346].
• Jerez, Rodrigo de, [136].
• Jerome, St., [414].
• Jews, expulsion from Spain, [90].
• Jiddah, spice trade, [427 n.]
• Joachim, Abbot, prophecy, [413-414].
• John II., of Portugal, grant to Fernam Dominguez do Arco, [93 n.];
• receives Columbus, [253-255];
• and Demarcation Line, [323], [326].
• John, prince of Castile, [323], [369].
• Jon Thordsson, and Flat Island Book, [4].
• Juana, see [Cuba].

• Karlsefni, see [Thorfinn Karlsefni].
• Keelness, [33], [35], [39], [55].
• Ketil, settles in Greenland, [46].
• Kialarnes, see [Keelness].

• Labrador, and John Cabot’s first voyage, [423 n.]
• Lagartos, Rio de los, [400 n.]
• Lanzada, Punta, [179].
• Lanzarote, [92].
• Lapa, Cape of, [340];
• pearl fisheries near, [346];
• Columbus near, [353], [354].
• La Vega, Columbus at, [375].
• Leif Ericson, and discovery of America, [8], [11];
• date of voyage, [12], [43 n.];
• in Norway, [24-25], [47];
• discovery, [25], [50-54];
• introduces Christianity in Greenland, [26];
• mentioned, [33], [59], [62], [63];
• displeasure at Freydis, [65].
• Leif’s-booths in Vinland, Thorvald reaches, [54-55];
• Thorfinn Karlsefni’s arrival, [60].
• Leikskalar, Eric at, [16].
• Lepe, Diego de, voyage, [416 n.]
• Levantados, Cayo de, [221 n.]
• Lindo, Cabo, [166].
• Lisbon, Columbus driven into river by tempest, [251], [379];
• John Cabot’s presence in, alleged, [430].
• Llana, Punta, [349].
• Llandra, Columbus at, [256].
• Long Island, [117 n.]
• Lucayos, discovered, [110].
• Luengo, Cabo, [356].
• Luna, Rio de la, [132].
• Lybia, voyage of Hanno from, [328].
• Lysufirth, [27], [57].

• Macorix, [206].
• Macuris, Punta, [220 n.]
• Madama Beata, island, named, [365].
• Madeira, [236], [243], [250];
• Columbus at, [320].
• Magnus Thorhallsson, and Flat Island Book, [4].
• Mago, see [Mango].
• Maici, Punta de, [158 n.]
• Maldonado, Melchior, explores Española, [302-303].
• Mango, Cuba mistaken for, [405], [408].
• Manzanillo, Bahia de, [212 n.]
• Maravi, Port of, [158 n.]
• Mares, Puerto de, advantages for settlement, [140];
• Columbus leaves, [143].
• Mares, Rio de, Columbus in, [132], [133], [135], [144];
• mentioned, [147], [160], [176].
• Margarita, discovered, [356];
• Columbus leaves vicinity, [362-363].
• Margot, Puerto, [187 n.], [188 n.]
• Maria, Puerto, [168].
• Marigalante, ship, [284 n.]
• Marigalante, island, [285].
• Marinus, conception of world, [396-397].
• Markland, identification, [10];
• natives, [11];
• expedition of Thorfinn Karlsefni, [32], [41];
• named by Leif, [51];
• mentioned, [69].
• Marmoro, [405 n.]
• Marquez, Diego, [288].
• Martian, quoted, [67].
• Martinet, El, island, [356-357].
• Martinique, [225 n.]
• Martyr, Peter, account of Columbus’s fourth voyage, [388].
• Maternillo, Punta del, [135 n.]
• Matinino, island, inhabitants, [223], [225], [270];
• copper reported, [226];
• Columbus desires to see, [228-229];
• mentioned, [230].
• Matthias, elected Bishop of Gardar, [74].
• Mayas, [215 n.];
• culture, [394 n.];
• sculptures, [409-410];
• animals, [410];
• language, [411].
• Mayonic, [206].
• Mayreni, King, reported to have killed Spaniards, [300], [302], [303].
• Mayrones, Francis de, quoted, [359].
• Mecca, Cabot in, [426 n.], [427];
• spice trade of, [427 n.]
• Micmac Indians, appearance, [36 n.]
• Midiokul, [46].
• Mines, Española, [382];
• of Spanish colonies, value predicted, [415].
• Missions, need in New World, [274], [361].
• Moa, Rio de, [154 n.]
• Moa, Sierras de, [154 n.]
• Mogens Heinesen, [74 n.]
• Mona, island of, [322].
• Monte, Cabo del, [166].
• Monte Cristi, [212];
• described, [213];
• mentioned, [216], [218], [296];
• harbor described, [298].
• Montserrat, [291 n.]
• Moray, conquered by Thorstein the Red and Earl Sigurd the Mighty, [14].
• Mosquito, Bahia, [172 n.]
• Mosquito Coast, Columbus on, [393 n.]
• Mosquitos, Punto de, [405 n.]
• Moya, Cayo de, [153].
• Mulas, Punta de, [132 n.]
• Muxica, Adrian de, revolt, [374].