The Northmen, Columbus and Cabot, 985-1503 - Unknown

Navidad, fort built, [206];
Columbus leaves settlement, [209-211], [268-269], [271];
gold, [217];
anxiety of Columbus about, [224];
Columbus finds settlement destroyed, [298-304];
mentioned, [361].
Navigation, between Spain and Española, recommendations of Columbus, [276-277];
compass, [363 n.];
difficulties due to strong currents, [408-409].
New Spain, discovery postponed by Roldan’s revolt, [360].
Nicholas V., letter to Bishops of Skalholt and Holar, [70-73].
Nidaros, Leif reaches, [47].
Niña, ship, [96], [97], [102];
crew report land, [106];
mentioned, [108], [116], [122], [139];
Indians escape from, [115-116], [150];
new fittings, [155];
Columbus on, [201].
Niño, Pedro Alonso, [236].
Nipe, [131 n.]
Niti, [309], [312];
reports of gold, [313].
Nombre de Dios, [394 n.], [399].
Noroña, D. Martin de, [253];
escorts Columbus, [256].
North America, voyages of Northmen, [25], [50-54], [47-49]; [54-56], [31-42], [59-62], [62-64], [67], [69];
Cabot’s landfall, [422].
Northmen in America, sources, [3-13];
identification of localities, [10];
dates, [12], [43 n.]
Norway, Eric the Red and Thorvald leave, [15], [45];
Leif in, [25], [47];
Thorfinn Karlsefni sails from, [59];
Thorfinn Karlsefni in, [65].
Nova Scotia, and Northmen, [10];
Indians, [36 n.];
climate, [37 n.];
and voyage of Thorfinn Karlsefni, [40 n.], [41 n.]
Nuestra Señora, Mar de, [148];
Columbus re-enters, [153];
mentioned, [160].
Nuevitas del Principe, Puerto de las, [131 n.], [132 n.]

Odd, of Jorva, [16].
Olaf the White, King, in Ireland, [14].
Olaf Tryggvason, King of Norway, [24];
and Christianity in Greenland, [25-26], [71];
and Leif Ericson, [25], [33], [47].
Orinoco, Columbus near mouth, [334 n.]
Orkneys, Aud the Wealthy sails to, [14].
Orm of Arnarstapi, [18];
entertains Gudrid, [18-19];
starts with Thorbiorn to Greenland, [20];
death, [20].
Oro, Rio del, [217], [218].
Ovando, and Columbus, [390].

Padre y Hijo, Cabo de, [221].
Palmas, Cabo de, [133].
Palmista, Punta, [168 n.]
Panama, coast explored, [387], [394 n.];
supposed connection with Cambodia, [397 n.]
Paria, discovery, [339], [373];
described, [340], [341];
pearls, [346], [348], [373];
natives, [346-347];
Columbus near, [353], [354];
explored by Hojeda and Pinzon, [360 n.];
condition, [415].
Paria, Gulf of, [337 n.], [340 n.], [350 n.]
Peraza, Doña Ines, [93].
Peraza, Guillen, [93].
Pérez, Alonso, sights land, [330].
Perlas, Golpho de las, [350];
Columbus explores, [355], [356], [358].
Pico, Cabo de, [156].
Pierna, Punta, [178].
Pinta, ship, rudder disabled, [92];
repaired, [92-93];
sails ahead of Admiral’s ship, [97-98];
crew sights land, [108-109];
mentioned, [120], [122], [133], [138], [211];
leaves other ships, [152];
news, [205], [207];
reappearance, [214];
on coast of Española, [215], [219];
weakness of mast, [232];
leaves Niña, [238].
Pinzon, Martin Alonso, at the Canaries, [92];
sails ahead of Columbus, [97-98];
and Columbus, [100-101];
claims to see land, [102];
advises course, [106], [120];
at Guanahani, [110];
mentioned, [120], [127], [134], [138], [211], [232];
leaves Admiral’s fleet, [152];
rejoins Niña, [214];
on coast of Española, [215], [219];
Columbus disapproves of, [214], [216];
runs Pinta ahead of Niña, [238].
Pinzon, Vicente Yañez, [108 n.];
at Guanahani, [110];
at Española, [207];
disaffection, [216];
quoted, [235];
charts route, [237];
voyage, [360 n.], [373], [416 n.]
Plata, Monte de, [220].
Plata, Puerto de, [220 n.], [296 n.], [346].
Playa, Punta de la, [333].
Pliny, quoted, [324], [348], [353].
Polo, Marco, [364], [393 n.], [406 n.], [426 n.]
Porras, Diego de, report of fourth voyage of Columbus, [388], [407 n.]
Port Clarence, Long Island, [120 n.]
Porto Rico, [223], [225];
reports of gold, [225];
copper reported, [226];
location, [230];
Columbus at, [294-295];
mentioned, [321], [338], [359], [408].
Portugal, relations with Spain, [246].
Columbus received in, [253-256];
and Demarcation Line, [323], [416 n.], [430];
and treaty of Tordesillas, [430].
Pozas, Isla de las, [408].
Principe, Puerto del, [148];
Columbus leaves, [150];
Columbus returns towards, [151].
Ptolemy, geographical system, [329 n.], [396-397].
Puerto Sancto, Columbus at, [320].
Puerto Santo, in Cuba, Columbus at, [162-166];
natives, [164-165].
Punta Santa, [196], [199].

Queen’s Garden, islands, [391], [405 n.]
Quinsay, and Columbus’s belief in Asian landfall, [126], [136 n.], [406 n.]
Quintero, Cristóbal, and the Pinta, [92].

Rascon, Gomes, and the Pinta, [92].
Rastelo, Columbus passes, [251];
ship of King of Portugal near, [252].
Ratos, Isla de, [198 n.]
Redondo, Cabo, [220].
Retrete, harbor, [399], [405 n.]
Reyniness, Thorfinn Karlsefni in, [43].
Ricchieri, Ludovico, Antiquarum Lectionum Libri XVI., [329 n.]
Rico, Cabo, [356].
Roca, Cabo de la, [220 n.]
Roja, Punta, [217].
Roldan, the pilot, [235];
charts route, [237].
Roldan, Francisco, revolt, [360], [366], [373-374];
and Bobadilla, [376].
Romero, El, island, [356].
Ross, conquered by Thorstein the Red and Earl Sigurd the Mighty, [14].
Rucia, Punta, [213 n.]
Ruiz, Sancho, charts route, [237].
Rum Cay, [115].

Sabeta, [345].
Sabor, Cabo de, [356].
Sacro, Puerto, [221].
Saga-age, in Iceland, [7].
St. Martin, island, [291 n.]
St. Nicholas Mole, Hayti, [168 n.]
St. Ursula, island, [294 n.]
Sal, La, island, Columbus near, [324].
Saltes, bar of, [91];
Columbus crosses, [257].
Samana, Bay of, described, [221];
Columbus leaves, [228];
mentioned, [295 n.]
Samana, peninsula, [221 n.]
Samaot, [119], [120], [122].
San Honorato, [196 n.]
San Juan, see [Porto Rico].
San Juan River, Nicaragua, [393 n.]
San Miguel, Columbus approaches, [247].
San Nicolas, Puerto de, described, [169-170].
San Salvador, name given by Columbus to landfall, [114], [115], [151], [263];
natives, [116-117].
San Salvador, name given by Columbus to river and port in Cuba, [131], [133].
San Theramo, Cape, [229].
Sanchez, Rodrigo, [109];
at Guanahani, [110];
in Cuba, [140].
Sancta Ana, Cape, [327].
Santa Catalina, harbor, [156].
Santa Catherina, island, [322], [365].
Santa Cruz, island, [293 n.];
reported proximity of mainland, [359].
Santa Maria de la Concepcion, discovered, [115], [263];
mentioned, [117];
Columbus sails from, [118].
Santa Maria, Azores, Columbus reaches, [236];
attempted seizure of Columbus at, [245-249];
mentioned, [250].
Santangel, Luis de, Columbus’s letter to, [243 n.], [252 n.], [259-272], [369].
Santo Domingo, [321-322], [365];
Columbus’s arrival, [366];
revolts, [369];
Bobadilla’s arrival, [375-383];
departure of Columbus, [391 n.]
Santo Tomas, island, [187], [188], [189], [198], [199], [208].
São Thiago, Columbus at, [324 n.], [325-326].
Saometo, see [Isabella, island].
Saona, [322].
Sara, Punta, [349].
Scotland, and Thorstein the Red, [14].
Seca, Punta, [220], [349].
Sera, distance from Cape St. Vincent, estimated by Ptolemy, [397 n.]
Sesua, Punta, [220 n.]
Seven Cities, myth, and John Cabot’s voyage, [425].
Seville, letter of Dr. Chanca to Cabildo of, [280-313].
Sierpe, Boca de la, named, [340];
mentioned, [354].
Sierpe, Cabo de, [211].
Siete Hermanos, Los, [212 n.]
Sigrid, wife of Thorstein of Lysufirth, death, [27], [28].
Sigurd the Mighty, Earl, [14].
Skagafirth, Karlsefni arrives at, [65].
Skalholt, Bishop of, ordered to inquire into affairs of Gardar bishopric, [73].
Skalholt annals, extract, [69].
Skrellings, [11];
appearance, [36];
trade with Northmen, [37];
attack Northmen, [38-39];
of Markland, [41];
attack Thorvald, [55];
trade with Thorfinn Karlsefni, [60];
attack Thorfinn Karlsefni, [61-62].
Slave-trade, Indian, [378].
Slavery, Indian, and Columbus, [344].
Snaefell, Eric sails to, [17], [46].
Snaefells-iokul, Eric sails from, [17], [46].
Snaefellsness, [18].
Snorri, son of Thorfinn Karlsefni, [41], [43], [60], [66].
Snorri, Thorbrand’s son, [30];
accompanies Thorfinn Karlsefni to Greenland, [30];
accompanies Thorfinn Karlsefni to Vinland, [31], [35-36], [38-39].
Snorri Thorbrandsson, saga of Thorfinn Karlsefni and, see [Eric the Red, saga of].
Social life in Greenland in tenth century, soothsaying, [21-23];
Yule feast, [31].
Sol, Rio del, [143].
Solvi, settles in Greenland, [47].
Soncino, Raimondo de, first letter to Duke of Milan, [424-425];
second letter, [425-429].
Soothsaying, an exhibition in Greenland, [21-23].
South America, Columbus on coast, [331-363];
explorations of Hojeda and Pinzon, [360 n.];
Earthly Paradise, [364-365];
first settlement of Spaniards, [403 n.];
and Asia, [397 n.]
Spain, Columbus’s suggestions of colonial policy for, [160], [273-277];
and Demarcation Line, [323], [416 n.], [430];
and Columbus’s discoveries, [351], [352], [360-361], [363-364], [390].
Spice Islands, Cipango confused by Cabot with, [427 n.]
Spice trade of the East, [427 n.]
Stokkaness, Thorbiorn settles at, [23].
Straumey, [33].
Straumfiord, [34]. See [Streamfirth].
Streamfirth, arrival of Thorfinn Karlsefni and Snorri, [39];
Thorfinn Karlsefni in, [41];
arrival of ship from Greenland, [69].
Styr Thorgrimsson, [16], [45];
accompanies Eric on voyage, [45].
Sudrey, [16].
Sutherland, conquered by Thorstein the Red and Earl Sigurd the Mighty, [14].
Svend Estridson, king of Denmark, [67], [68].

Tajado, Cabo, [220].
Tanais, country of, [426].
Tapion, Rio, [212 n.]
Taxamo, Puerto de, [147 n.]
Tello, Gomez, appointed receiver of royal dues, [275 n.]
Tenerife, Columbus near, [93].
Terceira, Pedro Alonso Niño near, [236].
Testigos, Los, discovered, [356].
Thiodhild, see [Thorhild].
Thorbiorg, called Little Sibyl, prophesies, [21-23].
Thorbiorn, Vifil’s son, [15], [16];
gives feasts, [19], [20];
goes to Greenland, [20];
sails to Brattahlid, [23];
mentioned, [26], [27], [45];
death, [29].
Thorbiorn Gleamer, settles in Greenland, [47].
Thorbrand, of Alptafirth, sons of, [16].
Thorbrand, son of Snorri, [38].
Thord of Höfdi, descendants, [30].
Thord the Yeller, sons of, [16], [45].
Thorfinn Karlsefni, and Hauk’s book, [5];
and North America, [11];
date of voyages, [12], [43 n.];
in Greenland, [30-31];
marries Gudrid, [31], [59];
voyage, [31-42], [59-62];
in Norway, [65];
in Iceland, [43], [65];
descendants, [43-44], [66].
Thorfinn Karlsefni, saga of, see [Eric the Red, saga of].
Thorgeir of Hitardal, [16], [45].
Thorgeir of Thorgeirsfell, [18].
Thorgeir, Vifil’s son, in Iceland, [15];
marriage, [18].
Thorgest, quarrels with Eric the Red, [16], [45];
defeats Eric, [17].
Thorgils, son of Leif, [24].
Thorgunna, [24].
Thorhall the Huntsman, [30];
accompanies expedition of Thorfinn Karlsefni, [32];
asks aid of Thor, [34];
sails in search of Vinland, [34-35];
fate, [35];
Thorstein Karlsefni goes in search of, [39].
Thorhild, wife of Eric, [15], [23], [45];
embraces Christianity, [26].
Thori Eastman, in Greenland, [54];
death, [54].
Thorkel, entertains Thorbiorn, [20-21].
Thorlak, Bishop, [43 n.]
Thorsnessthing, [16], [45].
Thorstein Ericson, [23];
leads expedition towards land discovered by Leif, [26], [56];
failure, [27], [56-57];
weds Gudrid, [27], [56];
in Western Settlement, [27], [57];
death, [28-58];
prophecy of Gudrid’s fate, [29], [58], [59];
mentioned, [48].
Thorstein of Lysufirth, entertains Thorstein Ericson and Gudrid, [27-28], [57-58];
accompanies Gudrid to Ericsfirth, [59].
Thorstein the Red, and Scots, [14].
Thorvald, father of Eric, goes to Iceland, [15], [45].
Thorvald, son of Eric, and the Uniped, [40];
mentioned, [48];
voyage to Wineland, [54-56];
death, [56].
Thorvald Kodransson, [46].
Thorvard, accompanies expedition of Karlsefni, [32];
marriage, [48];
and death of Helgi and Finnbogi, [64].
Thurid, daughter of Eyvind Easterling, [14].
Thurid, daughter of Thorbiorn Vifilson, see [Gudrid].
Tobacco-smoking, earliest reference, [141 n.]
Tordesillas, Treaty of, [323 n.], [326 n.], [430].
Torres, Antonio de, sent back to Spain, [312 n.];
mentioned, [369];
and Columbus’s letter to sovereigns concerning Demarcation Line, [382].
Torres, Doña Juana de, Columbus’s letter to, [369-383].
Torres, Luis de, sent ashore at Cuba, [136].
Torres, Cabo de, [187], [188].
Tortuga Island, [168], [172], [174];
Columbus reaches, [178];
described, [179];
natives, [180], [183];
reports of gold, [184].
Toscanelli map, [101 n.]
Tradir, Eric at, [16].
Tramontana, La, island, [348], [349].
Triana, Rodrigo de, sights land, [109].
Trinidad, discovered, [331];
Columbus seeks harbor, [333];
size, [334], [340];
Columbus’s crew lands, [335];
Indians, [335-336];
climate, [337];
fruits, [338];
animals, [338-339].
Trivigliano, Angelo, letters of, mentioned, [318].
Trujillo, Columbus near, [391 n.], [392 n.]
Turuqueira, [290].
Tyrker, accompanies Leif on voyage of discovery, [50];
in Vinland, [52-53].

“Uniped” episode, [40].
Uvægi, [41].

Vætilldi, [41].
Valldidida, reported to be a king of the Skrellings, [41].
Valle del Paraiso, [180].
Valparaiso, Portugal, Columbus at, [254].
Valthiof, and Eric the Red, [16].
Valthiofsstadir, landslide caused by Eric’s thralls at, [15].
Vatnshorn, [15], [16], [45].
Veragua, report of mines, [394];
Columbus reaches, [400-401];
explored, [401];
mines found, [401];
natives, [401-402];
signs of gold, [411];
advantages for settlement, [411-412];
and Columbus’s mythological geography, [413];
gold of Quibian, [414];
official appointments, [415].
Verde, Cabo, [129].
Verde, Simone, letter of, mentioned, [318].
Vespucci, Amerigo, and naming of America, [359 n.]
Vifil, freed by Aud, [15].
Vifilsdal, given by Aud to Vifil, [15].
Vinland, and Northmen, sources, [3-13];
verity of tradition, [4], [7-8], [11], [13];
location, [10], [37 n.], [67 n.];
natives, [10-11];
chronology of voyages, [12], [43 n.];
Leif’s discovery, [25], [50-54];
Thorstein Ericson’s attempt, [26-27];
voyage of Biarni Herjulfson, [47-49];
Thorvald’s voyage, [54-56];
Thorfinn Karlsefni’s expedition, [31-42], [59-62];
expedition of Finnbogi and Freydis, [62-64];
described by Adam of Bremen, [67];
Bishop Eric’s expedition, [69].
Voyages, Gunnbiorn, [16], [46];
Eric the Red, [16-17], [45-46];
Leif Ericson, [25], [50-54];
Thorstein Ericson, [26-27];
Biarni Herjulfson, [47-49];
Thorvald, [54-56];
Thorfinn Karlsefni, [31-42], [59-62];
Finnbogi and Freydis, [62-64];
Bishop Eric, [69];
Columbus’s first, [89-258], [263-272];
second, [278-313];
third, [314-366];
fourth, [389-418];
John Cabot (1497), [423-424].

Watling Island, [110 n.]
Wonder-strands, [33], [34], [35].