[17] A punishment by which the culprit was strangled with an iron collar.
[18] La Concepción gives (Hist. de Philipinas, iii, pp. 409-411) a summary of the proceedings of this council. They appointed a committee to provide a vernacular translation of the catechism (of which the Christian doctrine had already been rendered into the Visayan tongue), in harmony with the Tagal translation of that book. They also appointed a representative to go to Manila and confer with the Audiencia on various matters concerning the royal jurisdiction—especially regarding the proposal to enact statutes suppressing polygamy among the natives. In the council complaints were made by the ecclesiastics against the encomenderos, that they treated the Indians with injustice; in return, the encomenderos attacked the priests, and the bishop was obliged to interfere between them to quell the dissensions, reproving the encomenderos.
[19] Spanish, angelitos; a play upon words, apparently alluding to the gold coin known as angelot (from the figure of an angel thereon), used in the Low Countries in the sixteenth century. A similar name (angelet) was given to one of the coins struck by English rulers of France in the period 1150-1460.
[20] A delicate and refreshing fruit, the Carica papaya; sometimes called "papaw," but is not the same as the papaw of North America (Asimina). Crawfurd regards it, however (Dict. Ind. Islands, p. 327) as having been introduced in the Philippines by the Spaniards, from tropical America. See descriptions of the papaya in Delgado's Historia, pp. 520, 521; Blanco's Flora, pp. 553, 554; and U.S. Philippine Commission's Report, 1900, iii, p. 280.
[21] La Concepción gives a similar account of this episode in Hist. de Philipinas, iv, pp. 67-69.
[22] Panámao is the ancient name of the island of Biliran, off the northwestern extremity of Leyte, and is still applied to a mountain in the northern part of Biliran.
[23] Picote: a sort of silken fabric, very lustrous, used for garments. Jusi (husi) is thus described in the U.S. Philippine Commission's Report, 1900, iv, pp. 55, 56: "The especial product of Philippine looms, especially those from the towns of Caloocan and Iloilo, is jusi. These Philippine jusis, celebrated for their lightness, beauty, and delicate patterns, are made from silk alone, or more commonly with the warp of cotton or pineapple fiber and the woof of silk. Pieces are made to suit the buyer. These pieces are usually 30 or more yards in length, and from three-quarters of a yard to a yard in width, and beautifully bordered in colors. This beautiful cloth, which varies in price from 50 cents to $1 a yard, compares favorably with fabrics of European manufacture."
[24] The present Silang is nineteen miles south of Cavite.
[25] Spanish, monumento; an altar erected in churches on Holy Thursday which resembles a sepulchre.
[26] Water blessed in the font on Holy Saturday and the vigil of Pentecost, which must be used at least in solemn baptism…. The priest then pours oil of catechumens and chrism into the water." These are two of the three kinds of "holy oils;" chrism is composed of olive oil mixed with balm. See Addis and Arnold's Catholic Dictionary, pp. 64, 152, 616.