The Romaunce of the Sowdone of Babylone and of Ferumbras His Sone Who Conquerede Rome

by Unknown

O.Fr. = Old French.

32/1094 = page 32, line 1094.

• Abye, 32/[1094], vb. to pay for, expiate. O.E. âbycgan.
• adaunte, 28/[957], vb. to subdue. Fr. danter, donter, dompter.
• aferde, 39/[1337], pp. afraid. O.E. âf
• rde.
• affrayned, 43/[1495], pt. s. asked. O.E. frignan.
• afraye, 26/[896], sb. disturbance, fight.
• agreved, 29/[992], pp. aggrieved. Fr. aggrever.
• alayned, 43/[1497], pt. s. concealed, dissembled. Icel. leyna.
• alle and some, 22/[749], altogether, every one.
• almiht, 38/[1329], adj. See note.
• ameved, 29/[994], pp. moved.
• amonge, 57/[1994], adv. in the mean time, now and then, sometimes. See note to l. 1974.
• aplight, 17/[573], adv. certainly, indeed. See note.
• areeste, 34/[1166], sb. rest, support. O.Fr. arrest.
• arson, 41/[1410], sb. pommel. Fr. arçon.
• aspied, 10/[314], pp. espied. Fr. espier.
• assaye, 83/[2889], sb. value. Fr. essai.
• assorte, 57/[1997], sb. assembly, company. See note.
• assoyled, 70/[2455], pt. pl. absolved.
• astraye, 16/[532], adv. out of the right way, roving about without guidance.
• astyte, 42/[1456], adv. immediately.
• asure, 5/[134], sb. azure.
• atame, 27/[935], vb. to tame, subdue. O.E. âtamian.
• atone, 32/[1103], agree.
• attones, 31/[1067], at once.
• avente, 36/[1237], vb. to take breath. Fr. venter.
• avoure, 69/[2390], sb. protection, protectress.
• avyse, 49/[1716], vb. to consider, advise with one’s self. Fr. aviser.
• awapide, 59/[2057], pp. astounded, bewildered. See note.
• ayene, 85/[2981], adv. back.
• Bandon, 19/[636], sb. disposal.
• bassatours (?), 29/[995], sb. vavassors.
• bawson, 2/[52], sb. badger.
• baye, 27/[940], sb. recess, niche. See note.
• beckyn, 3/[64], vb. beckon. O.E. bêacnian.
• bedight, 88/[3070], vb. to dispose, to surrender, to send forth.
• behight, 25/[859], pt. s. promised. O.E. heht.
• bende, 13/[420], vb. to direct.
• bente, 20/[665], adj. bent, crooked. [‹p134›]
• benysone, 9/[289], sb. blessing. Fr. benoison.
• bette, 49/[1716], adv. better.
• bikure, 78/[2732], sb. skirmish.
• bispake, 5/[165], pt. s. spoke with.
• bistadde, 75/[2616], pp. placed in peril, hardly bestead. Cf. O.E. stæððan. Dan. bestede.
• biwry, 46/[1580], vb. betray. O.E. biwrêgan.
• bloo, 29/[1005], adj. blue. Icel. blâr.
• blynne, 70/[2442], vb. to cease, stop. O.E. belinnan.
• bobaunce, 7/[211], sb. boasting.
• boure, 54/[1870], sb. a lady’s apartment, boudoir. O.E. bûr.
• bowe, 53/[1853], sb. bough, branch. O.E. bôg.
• braide, 32/[1098], pt. s. drew. O.E. brægd.
• brayde, 8/[247], sb. craft, deceit, artifice. See note.
• breddes, 5/[131], sb. birds. O.E. bridas.
• broke, 57/[1965], vb. to break.
• bronte, 91/[3166], sb. blow.
• buskede, 31/[1055], pt. s. prepared, arrayed. Icel. bûask.
• by, 3/[87], vb. buy, pay. O.E. bycgan.
• bydene, 84/[2942], immediately. Originally mid ene. See note.
• bygone, 3/[79], pp. afflicted. See note.
• bykeringe, 74/[2595], sb. skirmish.
• by than, 10/[344]. See note.
• Camalyon, 29/[1008], sb. camel-leopard. See note.
• carrikes, 4/[118], a kind of large ship. See note.
• caste, 12/[394], sb. plan, stratagem; 60/[2091], the throwing; 71/[2471], missile. See note to l. 394.
• ceased, 89/[3109], pt. s. seized.
• chaffer, 83/[2885], sb. merchandise. O.E. cêap, faru.
• charke, 51/[1778], vb. to creak, crack. See note.
• chek, 8/[189], sb. a checkered cloth.
• chere, 6/[201], sb. demeanour, behaviour, humour.
• chere, 80/[2781], sb. friendliness, willingness.
• chere, 87/[3030], adj. pleased, merry.
• chese, 49/[1698], vb. to be free to choose. O.E. cêosan.
• clepeth, 24/[809], pr. s. calls.
• clipped, 56/[1935], pt. pl. embraced, hugged. O.E. clyppan.
• clog, 46/[1603], sb. “truncus,” block.
• cloute, 58/[2014], sb. blow.
• combrest, 83/[2909], pr. s. encumberest. Fr. combrer.
• coost, 50/[1721], sb. regard, account. See note.
• cornell, 64/[2238], sb. shaft of a pinnacle or battlement. O.Fr. carnell. See note to l. 2238, and compare Du Cange, s. v. quarnellus: “pinna muri per quam milites jaculantur.”
• coude, 16/[541], pt. s. knew.
• counsail, 46/[1590], secret.
• Defouled, 7/[233], pp. polluted. Cf. O.E. fŷlan, fûlian.
• delte, 16/[526], pp. dealt.
• dere, 92/[3202], vb. to harm, injure. O.E. derian.
• derke, 73/[2541], adj. dark.
• dewe, 70/[2452], adj. due.
• dight, 79/[2763], pp. dressed, prepared. O.E. dihtan.
• dinge, 26/[880], vb. to dash, beat. Cf. Icel. dengja.
• dirke, 44/[1539]. See note.
• dobbet, 33/[1136], pp. dubbed. O.E. dubban. Fr. dober.
• dome, 14/[478], sb. glory.
• don, 88/[3078], vb. cause, order O.E. dôn.
• donne, 11/[347], adj. dun.
• dowte, 9/[297], sb. fear.
• dradde, 36/[1232], pt. s. feared. Cf. O.E. on-dr
• dan. [‹p135›]
• dresse, 49/[1702], vb. to direct one’s self, go, start. Fr. dresser.
• dromonde, 3/[63], sb. vessel of war.
• dute, 30/[1024], sb. duty. Deriv. of due, dewe. Fr. deu.
• Egre, 29/[1009], vb. to excite, to urge.
• eke, 20/[662], adv. also. O.E. êac.
• engyn, 28/[948], sb. a skilful contrivance. Fr. engin.
• ensample, 27/[931], sb. example.
• entente, 16/[550], vb. to turn one’s attention to, to try to get, to attempt.
• entente, 28/[945], sb. meaning, will, mind.
• erille, 11/[368], sb. earl.
• erraunte, 5/[139], quick, immediately.
• eye, 80/[2793], sb. egg. O.E. æg.
• Fade, 20/[678], vb. to dispose, to arrange, to set up (?).
• fade, 30/[1033], adj. weak, faint.
• faste, 32/[1086], adv. much, greatly.
• fat, 90/[3152], sb. Vat, tub. O.E. fæt.
• fauchon, 76/[2650], sb. a sword or falchion.
• faye, 26/[900], vb. truth, faith.
• fele, 47/[1619], adj. many.
• felle, 29/[1004], adj. fierce, furious.
• felte, 41/[1405], pt. s. made fall, killed.
• fende, 92/[3231], pp. defended, protected, granted.
• fere, 36/[1248], sb. fear. O.E. f
• r.
• fere, 44/[1505], sb. companion. In fere, 31/[1071], together.
• fere, 2/[59], vb. to terrify.
• ferre, 4/[103], adv. far.
• fet, 91/[3188], pp. fetched.
• fille, 35/[1210], pt. s. fell.
• fleen, 88/[3065], to flay. O.E. flêan.
• folde, 71/[1427], pp. felled, knocked down.
• forcere, 66/[2303], sb. chest, coffer. O.Fr. forcier.
• for-famelid, 66/[2282], pp. entirely famished.
• foule, 77/[2686], vb. foul luck, mischance.
• fowarde, 15/[502], 22/[732], sb. vanguard.
• frankensense, 20/[679], sb. an odorous resin, pure incense.
• fraye, 15/[514], vb. to frighten, attack.
• frike, 4/[104], adj. quick, bold, active.
• frith, 2/[43], sb. enclosed wood.
• froo, 79/[760], prep. from.
• fyne, 9/[306], sb. end.
• Game, 90/[3141], sb. affair; 92/[3199], pleasure. O.E. gamen.
• gan, 16/[549], pt. s. began.
• gavylok, 41/[1426], sb. a spear or javelin. O.E. gafoluc.
• geaunesse, 84/[2943] (?), sb. giantess.
• geder, 45/[1553], vb. to gather. O.E. gædrian.
• glased, 35/[1208], pt. s. glided. O.Fr. glacier. See Zupitza’s note to Guy, l. 5067.
• glede, 7/[205], sb. a glowing coal, ember. O.E. glêd.
• god, 3/[67], adj. versed in, master of.
• gome, 5/[144], sb. man. O.E. guma.
• gonge, 84/[2934], vb. to go. O.E. gongan.
• goulis, 6/[189], sb. gules, a red colour. Fr. geules.
• gray, 83/[2887], sb. the fur of a gray, or badger. O.E. gr
• g.
• gree, 82/[2850], sb. grace, favour. Fr. gré. Lat. gratum.
• grenned, 84/[2948], pt. s. grinned, roared. O.E. grennian.
• grevaunce, 29/[993], sb. grievance.
• greved, 45/[1543], pt. s. grieved, molested, troubled.
• grith, 82/[2850], sb. peace, agreement. O.E. grið.
• gryse, 83/[2887], sb. a kind of fur. Fr. gris. [‹p136›]
• guttis, 39/[1351], sb. guts. O.E. gut.
• gydoure, 5/[163], sb. leader, guide.
• gynne, 67/[2326], sb. enginne, contrivance.
• Harde, 59/[2056], pt. s. heard.
• hat, 90/[3154], vb. to be called. O.E. hâtan.
• he, 77/[2698], pron. nominat. thay. O.E. hî.
• heede, 62/[2158], sb. head. O.E. hêafod.
• hende, 73/[2536], adj. gentle, polite. O.E. hendig.
• hennys, 55/[1922], adv. hence. O.E. heonan.
• hente, 40/[1370], vb. hold, take. O.E. hentan.
• hie, 14/[455], sb. haste.
• hight, 18/[613], pt. s. promised; 36/[1242], art called. O.E. heht.
• honde of honde, 12/[394], in close fight.
• hoole, 32/[1119], adj. whole, sound. O.E. hâl.
• hurle, 27/[929], vb. to jostle, to strike. A contraction of hurtle.
• hurteled, 24/[831], pt. pl. clashed against, jostled. Frequentative of hurt. Fr. hurter, heurter.
• hye, 32/[1092], sb. haste.
• I-fast, 58/[2000], fixed.
• ilkadele, 58/[2016], every part. O.E.
• lc, d
• l.
• ilke, 9/[281], adj. same. O.E. ylca.
• inowe, 25/[854], adv. enough. O.E. genôh.
• ishente, 66/[2286], pp. destroyed. O.E. ge-scended.
• istoke, 56/[1963], pp. shut up, fastened. From steken. O.L.G. stecan.
• istonge, 16/[533], pp. stung, pierced. O.E. stungen.
• it, 25/[845], vb. to hit. Icel. hitta.
• iwis, 3/[71], adv. certainly, indeed. O.E. gewiss.
• iwone, 11/[358], adj. accustomed.
• Japed, 75/[2617], pp. mocked, laughed at. O.Icel. gabba.
• jouste, 57/[1991], vb. to joust, fight. Fr. jouster.
• Kele, 93/[3258], vb. to keel, cool. O.E. cêlan.
• kind, 63/[2196], sb. race, family.
• kithe, 28/[971], vb. to show, manifest. O.E. cŷðan.
• kon, 66/[2297], prs. pl. can.
• kynde, 28/[968], sb. nature, temper.
• kynde, 2/[42], adj. natural, inborn.
• Lan, 15/[516], pt. s. ceased, stopped. O.E. lan.
• late, 71/[2460], pt. pl. let, caused, ordered. O.E. lêt, l
• ton.
• launde, 2/[59], sb. park, lawn.
• laye, 77/[2694], sb. lea, field. O.E. lêah. Cf. Water-loo.
• laye, 28/[951], sb. law. O.E. lagu.
• layne, 16/[538], pt. pl. lay. O.E. l
• gon.
• lefe, 23/[763], vb. leave, abandon, forsake. O.E. l
• fan.
• lefe-long, 24/[832], adj. long, tedious.
• legeeȝ, 23/[775], leagues. Fr. lieue. O.Fr. legue. Lat. leuca.
• leke, 50/[1726], sb. leek. O.E. lêac.
• lele, 33/[1129], adj. leal, loyal. Fr. leal.
• lenger, 72/[2500], compar. longer.
• lere, 66/[2289], sb. countenance, complexion. O.E. hlêor.
• lere, 74/[2569], vb. to teach.
• lered, 58/[2005], pp. learned.
• lerne, 33/[1141], vb. to teach.
• lese, 49/[1683], vb. to loose. O.E. lêosan.
• lette, 17/[585], vb. leave off; 74/[2610], to put a stop to, hinder, tarry. O.E. lettan.
• leve, 23/[794], vb. leave. O.E. l
• fan; 30/[1045], omit, neglect.
• leve, 19/[651], vb. live, remain. O.E. gelŷfan.
• leven, 31/[1050], vb. believe. O.E. lêfan. [‹p137›]
• lewde, 75/[2601], sb. laymen, unlearned. O.E. l
• wed.
• light, 26/[905], adj. active, nimble.
• light, 33/[1125], pp. alighted. O.E. lîhtan.
• lithe, 81/[1778], sb. limb, member. O.E. lið.
• logges, 69/[2399], sb. huts. Fr. loge.
• longith, 28/[951], prs. s. belongeth, becomes.
• loute, 72/[2513], vb. to stoop, bow down. O.E. lûtan.
• lowly, 70/[2454], adv. low, not loud.
• lurdeynes, 76/[2651], sb. lurdan, lout. Fr. lourdin.
• lym, 59/[2045], sb. limb.
• lyued, 66/[1261], pt. pl. lived.
• Magre, 42/[1442], prep. in spite of.
• maistryes, 89/[3117], sb. pl. mastery, proof of skill, combat.
• manly, 29/[989], adj. brave.
• mayne, 16/[528], sb. main, strength.
• me, 9/[287], sb. men, people, one.
• meche, 6/[179], adj. much. O.E. mycel.
• mede, 31/[1054], sb. meadow. O.E. m
• d.
• mede, 37/[1289], sb. meed, pay. O.E. mêd.
• medel, 73/[2540], vb. meddle. O.Fr. mesler, mestler.
• men, 4/[115], sb. men, people, one.
• menske, 28/[972], sb. manliness, honour. O.E. mennisc.
• mente, 51/[1784], vb. to aim at, to intend to go. O.E. myntan. See note to l. 1604.
• mervaylyth, 88/[3066], prs. s. marvels, wonders. Cf. Fr. merveille.
• mete, 47/[1633], sb. food, repast.
• meyne, 7/[219], sb. host, company, retinue. O.Fr. maisniee.
• mikille, 30/[1016], adj. many. O.E. mycel.
• moche, 15/[505], adj. much.
• mode, 29/[1009], sb. mind, temper, courage. O.E. môd.
• moolde, 5/[136], sb. earth, worth. O.E. molde.
• moone, 28/[944], sb. moan, complaint. Cf. O.E. m
• nan.
• more, 23/[777], delay. See note to l. 1110.
• more, 29/[1005], sb. moor, Maurian.
• mot, 19/[650], vb. may.
• myghty, 56/[1927], adj. See the note.
• myrke, 45/[1541], adj. dark. O.E. myrce.
• Natheless, 15/[506], adv. nevertheless.
• nather, 36/[1232], adj. nother.
• ner, 13/[416], conj. nor.
• nere, 22/[756], adv. near.
• nerehond, 86/[2998], adv. almost.
• noght, 43/[1497], adv. not.
• noght, 78/[2712], sb. nothing.
• none, 32/[1114], sb. noon.
• nones, 3/[74], sb. nonce, occasion.
• nothinge, 6/[175], not at all.
• nothir, 8/[267], conj. neither.
• nought for than, 43/[1483], nevertheless.
• nyl, 17/[585], prs. s. will not. O.E. nyle.
• Of, 32/[1088], prp. on account of.
• oght, 78/[2713], sb. aught.
• onarmede, 14/[464], unarmed.
• onneþe, 89/[3105], adv. scarcely.
• onworthily, 49/[1634], adv. unusefully.
• orders, 59/[2036]. See the note.
• ore, 72/[2512], sb. mercy, favour. O.E. âr.
• orfrays, 83/[2888], sb. gold embroidery. Lat. Aurifrisum.
• overlede, 72/[2502], vb. to domineer over, to oppress.
• Parelles, 55/[1917], sb. pl. perils. Fr. péril.
• paynym, 16/[539], sb. pagan.
• pellure, 83/[2887], sb. fur. O.Fr. pelure. [‹p138›]
• pight, 34/[1158], pp. pitched, fixed.
• pinne, 88/[3077], vb. to torment. O.E. pînan.
• playn, 6/[177], vb. to complain.
• plete, 33/[1151], vb. plead, prattle. From Fr. plet, plaid.
• plight, 26/[889], prs. s. promise, assure.
• poleyne, 6/[176], sb. pully-pieces, knee-armour.
• praye, 16/[550], sb. press, crowd.
• prees, 40/[1399], sb. crowd, struggle. Fr. presse.
• preest, 34/[1169], adj. ready. Fr. prest.
• prik, 81/[2831], vb. to spur a horse, to ride.
• prikke, 65/[2260], sb. a piece of wood in the centre of the target. See Halliwell’s Diction. s. v. preke.
• prove, 6/[183], vb. to try.
• prowe, 51/[1766], sb. profit, advantage, honour. Fr. prou.
• prymsauns, 28/[965] (?). See the note.
• Quod, 32/[1095], prt. s. quoth.
• qwelle, 75/[2614], vb. to kill. O.E. cwellan.
• qwere, 17/[566], sb. quire, choir-service.
• qweynte, 3/[74], adj. excellent, elegant. O.Fr. coint. Lat. cognitus.
• qwike, 58/[2001], adj. alive, burning. O.E. cwic.
• qwite, 16/[520], vb. to requite, to reward.
• Racches, 2/[56], sb. setting dogs, pointers.
• rafe, 25/[866], vb. to rave. O.Fr. raver. Span. rabiar. Lat. rabiare.
• ras, 39/[1349], sb. instant, occasion. See the note. 19/[645], hurry, haste.
• rase, 23/[774], sb. rush, channel of the sea.
• raught, 46/[1605], prt. s. reached, aimed at, struck. O.E. r
• hte.
• rede, 85/[2980], sb. counsel, advice. O.E. r
• d.
• rees, 49/[1693], sb. time, occasion.
• rehete, 59/[2035], vb. to cheer.
• rekyneth, 57/[1982], prs. s. reckons, deduces.
• releve, 7/[219], vb. to rally.
• renew, 33/[1126], vb. to tie. Fr. renouer.
• renew, 63/[2200], vb. to renovate, to recommence. Renew.
• resyn, 16/[534], prs. pl. rise.
• rew, 89/[3105], sb. row, order. O.E. r
• w.
• roght, 54/[1878], pt. pl. recked, cared. O.E. rôhton.
• roial, 20/[686], 51/[1765], adj. exquisite, distinguished; 71/[2483], delightful. Cf. l. 2247.
• rome, 14/[484], vb. to walk about. See Stratmann, s. v. râmen, p. 452.
• romme, 26/[876], sb. room, space. O.E. rûm.
• rowte, 2/[54], sb. company, host.
• rowte, 60/[2073], vb. to assemble in a company, to throng, to rally.
• ruly, 47/[1624], adj. rueful. O.E. hrêowlîc.
• ryme, 10/[339], vb. to cry out, to moan.
• Saile, 12/[385], vb. to assail.
• same, all in s., 56/[1938], altogether.
• sare, 21/[706], adv. sorely, sadly.
• saule, 66/[2310]. See the note.
• saute, 18/[619], sb. assault.
• saye, 58/[1998], pt. pl. saw. O.E. s
• gon.
• scole, 33/[1141], vb. style, manner.
• sede, 7/[235], sb. seed.
• seke, 32/[1116], adj. sick.
• semely, 2/[39], adj. seemly, comely, beautiful.
• sendelle, 4/[129], sb. a kind of rich thin silk. [‹p139›]
• set, 49/[1717], vb. to consider, estimate.
• sete, 3/[62], sb. a seat.
• sewes, 76/[2654], sb. juices, delicacies. O.E. seaw.
• seyne, 14/[472], vb. to speak.
• shente, 1/[23], pp. destroyed.
• shifte, 78/[2704], vb. to divide, to share. O.E. sciftan.
• shonde, 64/[2222], sb. disgrace, ignominy. O.E. sceand.
• shoon, 40/[1381], sb. shoes. O.E. scêon, scêos.
• shope him, 2/[50], pt. s. got himself ready to, arrayed himself.
• shoure, 15/[509], sb. fight.
• shrew, 72/[2518], vb. to curse.
• shrewes, 76/[2652], sb. wicked beings.
• sikerlye, 62/[2172], adv. surely.
• sith, 47/[1632], conj. since.
• sithe, 47/[1619], sb. pl. times. O.E. sîð.
• skaped, 59/[2043], pt. s. escaped.
• skath, 47/[1645], sb. loss, damage, ruin. Cf. O.E. sceaðan.
• skomfited, 38/[1320], pp. discomfited. O.Fr. desconfire.
• skulkyng, 76/[2651], prs. p. lurking, breaking forth from a hiding place.
• smerte, 38/[1309], adj. smart, pungent.
• smertly, 41/[1419], adv. smartly, at once.
• socoure, 15/[507], sb. succour, assistant.
• soghten, 40/[1372], pt. pl. moved on, rode. See the note.
• solas, 20/[675], sb. relief, recreation, pleasure. O.Fr. solaz. Lat. solatium.
• somer, 77/[2702], sb. a sumpter horse. Fr. sommier. Cf. Diez, Etym. Dict. I., p. 364, s. v. salma.
• sonde, 61/[2134], sb. message, order.
• sore, 2/[47], adv. very much, eagerly.
• sore, 33/[1138], adv. sadly.
• sowdeoures, 21/[727], sb. soldiers, hirelings. Lat. solidarius. Cf. Fr. soudard, soudoyé.
• spede, 70/[2433], vb. thrive.
• spille, 36/[1226], vb. to destroy. O.E. spillan.
• stenyed, 24/[825], pt. s. shook, astounded.
• steven, 65/[2258], sb. voice. O.E. stefn.
• stondart, 78/[2717], sb. standard-bearer. Fr. étendard.
• store, 23/[768], sb. provision.
• store, 92/[3210], sb. stock, preservation, keeping.
• stoure, 7/[212], sb. battle, tumult.
• stoute, 53/[1825], adj. proud, boasting.
• stronde, 2/[53], sb. strand, shore.
• stroyeth, 5/[159], prs. s. destroyeth.
• stynte, 52/[1804], pt. pl. stopped.
• sue, 46/[1601], vb. to follow. Fr. suivre.
• sware, 13/[428], adj. heavy.
• swyth, 47/[1621], adv. quick, fast. O.E. swîðe.
• Tan, 74/[2581], pp. taken.
• tene, 30/[1032], sb. grief, anger, insult, injury. O.E. têona.
• tene, 83/[2902], vb. to vex, to wax wroth. O.E. tŷnan.
• teyde, 48/[1648], pp. tied.
• tha, 76/[2639]. See the note.
• thane, 51/[1756], than that.
• then, 46/[1593], vb. to prosper. O.E. Þêon.
• thikke, 30/[1027], adj. numerous, plentiful, plenty.
• threste, 34/[1170], vb. to thrust, shake, totter.
• thrifte, 78/[2706], sb. thriving, prosperity, success. O.Icel. Þrift.
• tho, 59/[2052], pron. those, them.
• tho, 59/[2063], art. the, those.
• tho, 2/[53], adv. then. O.E. ðâ.
• thronge, 41/[1401], sb. thrusts, throwing of arrows. [‹p140›]
• tobraste, 34/[1168], pt. pl. burst, or broke in pieces. O.E. (tôbærst) tôburston.
• tohewe, 89/[3103], pp. hewn to pieces. O.E. tô-hêawen.
• tokenyng, 8/[242], sb. news, intelligence.
• totreden, 40/[1382], pp. crushed, trodden down.
• trappe, 52/[1802], vb. to go. Cf. Ger. trippeln, E. trip, O.Fr. treper.
• tredde, 58/[1999], sb. thread. O.E. Þr
• d.
• trende, 27/[940], pp. turned, vaulted.
• treted, 55/[1923], pt. pl. treated, pressed. Fr. traiter.
• trewe, 3/[67], adj. a thorough master of, a trustworthy interpreter of.
• treyumple, 27/[913] (?)
• trowe, 8/[246], vb. to believe.
• trusse, 49/[1707], vb. to pack off, to be off.
• trwes, 31/[1060], sb. truce.
• tyte, 6/[181], adj. soon, quickly, fast.
• Unneth, 5/[160], adv. scarcely.
• Vere, 28/[965], sb. spring.
• vertue, 66/[2312], sb. magic, power.
• viage, 82/[2846], sb. voyage, journey.
• victory, 92/[3227], sb. booty.
• voydance, 32/[1106], sb. relinquishment, deliverance.
• voyde, 51/[1768], vb. to give up, abandon, leave.
• Wage, 18/[590], vb. to hire, pay.
• ware, 7/[204], adj. aware.
• waste, 8/[246], in = in vain.
• wende, 92/[3214], vb. to turn, go. O.E. wendan.
• wende, 85/[2958], pt. s. thought, O.E. wênde.
• wene, 31/[1061], vb. to think.
• were, 7/[210], vb. to defend, to protect, to fight. O.E. werian.
• werre, 16/[541], sb. war.
• wery, 3/[60], adj. weary, fatigued.
• wessh, 54/[1871], pt. pl. washed.
• wete, 94/[3270], vb. to know.
• what, 47/[1623], pron. = who.
• wifle, 76/[2650], sb. a kind of axe. O.E. wífel, “bipennis.”
• wight, 27/[933], adj. nimble, active. Sw. vig, active.
• wirch, 5/[148], vb. to work, to do. O.E. wyrcan.
• wiste, 48/[1662], pt. s. knew.
• wode, 9/[276], adj. mad, furious.
• wode-wroth, 90/[3130], adj. madly angry. O.E. wôd and wrâð.
• wone, 60/[2093], sb. lot, quantity. Icel. wân.
• worche, 59/[2046], vb. to work, to do. O.E. wyrcan.
• worthed up, 34/[1163], pt. s. got up, mounted.
• wote, 2/[36], prs. s. know. O.E. wât.
• wotist, 61/[2123], prs. s. knowest. O.E. wâst.
• wrake, 70/[2446], sb. persecution, mischief, destruction. O.E. wracu.
• wreke, 88/[3058], pp. wreaked, revenged.
• wrong, 73/[2557], pt. s. pressed, forced his way, hurried off. O.E. wringan.
• wyne, 9/[275], vb. get, attain. O.E. winnan.
• Yare, 19/[639], adj. ready. O.E. gearu.
• yates, 66/[2285], sb. gates. O.E. gatu.
• yede, 66/[2311], pt. s. went. O.E. ge-eode.
• yolde, 12/[403], vb. yield. O.E. gieldan, pp. golden.
• yolowe, 29/[1005], adj. yellow. O.E. geolo.
• Þilke, 76/[2644], pron. such, yon. O.E. þylc.
• þon, 4/[108], art. the. O.E. þone.

INDEX OF NAMES. [◊]

• AGREMARE, Agremour or Egremour, a town in Spain situated on the river Flagot. The soudan is holding his court there (l. [33]), when he hears of the injuries done to his subjects by the Romans. Having destroyed Rome, he returns to Agremor (l. [672]) [not to Morimonde, as in the Destruction, l. 1351, and in Fierabras, l. 27]. At Agremor the twelve peers are imprisoned and besieged. Syr Ferumbras reads Egremoygne, Egremoun, Agremoun.
• ALAGOLOFUR, a Saracen giant, warden of the bridge of Mantrible; ll. [2135], [2881], [2149], [2175], [2801], [3053]. In Syr Ferumbras, l. 3831, etc., he is called Agolafre. In the French poem of Fierabras we find Agolafre and Golafre.
• ALCARON, l. [2762], a Saracen deity; cf. note to l. [2271].
• ALEROYSE, l. [1699], one of the twelve peers; cf. note to l. [884].
• ALISAUNDRE. Ferumbras is called King of Alisaundre, ll. [510], [984]. Cf. Destr. 71, 1237, 1315. Fierabras, 50, 66, 538, etc. Ashmole Ferumbras, 53, 88, etc.
• APPOLYN, one of the Mahometan deities. See note to l. [86].
• ARABYE, l. [3097]. Cf. Destr. 75; Fierabras, 3160, 4096.
• ASCALON. Laban’s birthplace, l. [100], and subject to him. This name does not occur in any other version.
• ASCAROT, l. [2762], a Mahometan god. Occurring in none of the other versions.
• ASCOPARS, see note to l. [495].
• ASKALOUS, l. [497].
• ASSAYNES, l. [497].
• ASSIENS, ll. [1039], [2085]. In this poem only the last three nations are mentioned as being included among Laban’s subjects.
• ASSYE, l. [102], [123], [1000]. See note to l. [1000].
• ASTRAGOT, or ESTRAGOT, a Saracen giant who kills Sabaris, ll. [346], [352]. He is slain by the portcullis let down by the Romans, l. [432]. He was husband to Barrock, the giantess of the bridge of Mantrible, ll. [2944], [3022]. Cf. Destr. 1090. Not in Fierabras nor in the Ashmolean version. See note to l. [346].
• AUFRIKE, ll. [102], [114]. Aufricanes, l. [257], part of the soudan’s dominions. Cf. Syr Ferumbras, l. 5465, Destr. 76, Fierabras, 4913.
• BABILON, see note to l. [69]; cf. Destr. 78, 204, 85; Fierabras, 51; Syr Fer. 53.
• BALDESEYNES, 501, 871. Occurring in no other version; cf. besides Martin’s note to Kudrun, 161, 2, and perhaps Fierabras, 2873, 4721 Balegué = Balaguer (Ballegarium, Valaguaria) near Lerida in Spain.
• BARBARYE, l. [1001], mentioned only in this poem.
• BARROK, ll. [2939], [2950], [3022], a giantess, wife to Astragot, slain by Charles. See note to l. [2939].
• BELMORE, does not occur in the other versions; see note to l. [3122].
• BELSABUB, l. [357], occurs only in this poem.
• BERNARD OF SPRUWSE (? Prussia); 1715, one of the twelve knights. See Introduction, p. xxvii.
• BOLOYNE, 3238. Charles presents [‹p142›] the nails to that place. See note to l. [3236], and cf. Fierabras, l. 6199.
• BRETOMAYN, Laban’s gaoler at Agremor, ll. [1533], [1591], slain by Floripas, l. [1606]. This name is spelt ‘Brutamont’ in Fierabras, ‘Brytamoun’ in Syr Ferumbras. It is not to be met with in the Destruction.
• BROULAND, chief counsellor to Laban. See note on l. [1743].
• BRYER OF BRYTAYN,—of Mountez; see note to l. [1723].
• BRYER OF POYLE, a Roman knight, slain by Ferumbras; see note to l. [514].
• BULGARE, l. [1002]. Occurring in no other poem.
• CASSAUNDRE, ll. [986], [512], town belonging to Lukafer. This name is not found in the other versions.
• CHARLES, Charlemayne, the French king.
• CHAUNDER, l. [123], a town in Asia; only mentioned here. See note to l. [1000].
• COSDROYE escorts a convoy destined for the soudan; he is slain by Roland; cf. note to l. [2695].
• CRAMADAS, a Saracen bishop, ll. [2775], [2788]. Not found in the other versions.
• CURRAUNTES, the bridge near Mantrible, l. [2866]. This name occurs only in this poem.
• DASABERDE, l. [1707], (?) mentioned only here.
• DENYS, ll. [27], [61], etc. Occurring in all versions.
• DURNEDALE, Roland’s sword; see note to l. [875].
• ESPIARD, l. [111], Laban’s messenger; cf. note to l. [2145].
• ETHIOPES, subject to Laban. See note to l. [257].
• EUROPE, l. [1002]. Mentioned only in this poem.
• FERUMBRAS, see note to l. [93].
• FLAGOT, the river on which the city of Mantrible with its famous bridge is situated, cf. ll. [2559], [2798], [2855], etc., and Fierabras, ll. 7348, 4886, etc. When the twelve peers besieged in Agremar send Richard of Normandy to Charlemagne to ask his aid, Richard is said to have started in the direction of Mantrible, l. [2559]; but finding the bridge blocked up and guarded, l. [2799], he is obliged to swim across the water, ‘Flagot the flode,’ l. [2804]. Charlemagne being informed of the distress of his peers, starts towards Mantrible, l. [2849], and having first taken it and left Richard there with two hundred knights, l. [3044], he continues his march against the soudan at Agremar, l. [3047]. Whence it is clear that Agremar cannot be situated on the river Flagot, as is stated in l. [34]; a mistake evidently owing to an oversight on the part of the poet. Cf. besides, note to l. [1723].
• FLOREYN OF ROME, name given to Ferumbras after his baptism; see note to l. [1486].
• FLORIP, Florypas; see note to l. [614]. In the Ashmolean versions we find Floryppe, a spelling which does not occur in any of the French poems. But once we find Floripes in Fierabras, l. 2035.
• FOCARD, l. [2900], one of the Christian knights who struck at the bridge-keeper of Mantrible when he refused to let them pass. The name occurs only in this poem.
• FOLK BALIANT, l. [1695], one of the twelve peers. Only found in this poem.
• FORTIBRAUNCE, l. [422], one of the soudan’s engineers. Only occurring in this poem.
• FRAUNCE. Charles is called king of dowse Fraunce, cf. Fierabras, 2103; Syr Ferumbras, 1269. This phrase does not occur in the Destruction. [‹p143›]
• FREMOUNDE, a saint; see note to l. [2845].
• FRIGE, l. [1000]; Frigys, l. 1040. Part of the soudan’s dominions, not mentioned in the other versions.
• GALLOPES, l. [251], mentioned only in this poem.
• GAȜE, a town in Spain, where Charlemagne lands his troops. The name is found only in this poem (in rhyme), l. [772].
• GENELYN, a French knight, notorious for his treachery. He advised Charles to leave Spain and to return home, urging that the twelve peers must be dead at Agremor, since no news arrived from them, l. [2820]. When in assaulting Mantrible he saw Charles shut in in the city, he treacherously proclaimed the king to be dead, and ordered the French to return to France, where he hoped to be crowned king. But he was rebuked by Ferumbras (ll. [2970]–2991). For his treason he is hanged and drawn at Montfaucon in Paris (ll. [3244]–3254).
• GENERYSE, ll. [1139], [1239], is the name Oliver gives himself when asked by Ferumbras. The French Fierabras and the Ashmole Ferumbras have Garin instead.
• GY OF BOURGOYNE, see note to ll. [1888], [1892].
• GYNDARD, l. [543], a Roman senator who kills ten Saracens. He is slain by Lukafer. Occurring only in this poem.
• HUBERT, l. [518], a Roman knight, slain by Ferumbras. Not mentioned in the other versions.
• IFFREZ, a Roman senator who advises to send to Charles for help. See note to l. [165].
• INDE, l. [999]. Not mentioned in the other poems. Cf. note to l. [999].
• ISRES, 625, 641, the chief porter of Rome, who treacherously delivers the keys to the Saracens. See note to l. [625].
• JUBYTER, ll. [2254], [2762], a Saracen god, mentioned only in this poem.
• LABAN, see note to l. [29].
• LOWES, occurring in the Sowdan and the Destruction, but not mentioned in the other versions. See note to l. [24].
• LUKAFER OF BALDAS, see note to l. [113]. Once, l. [236], this name is spelt Lukefere.
• MACEDOYNE, l. [1002]. Occurring only in this poem.
• MAHOUND, see note to l. [86].
• MAPYN, l. [2326], introduces himself into the bed-chamber of Floripas to steal the fatal girdle. In the French poem, l. 3046, he is called Maubrun d’Agremolée; in the Ashmolean version Maubyn of Egremolee, l. 2385. Cf. Introduction, pp. xx, xxx, xxxi.
• MARAGONDE, the name of Floripas’s governess, l. [1563]. Spelt Morabunde in the French poem. See Introduction, pp. xxx, xxxi.
• MARIE, ll. [917], [2390]; cf. Destr. ll. 374, 564; Fierabras, ll. 285, 815; Syr Ferumbras, ll. 5177, 5451.
• MARSEDAG, king of Barbarye, occurs only in this poem. See note to l. [2247].
• MAUNTRIBLE, a town in Spain on the river Flagot (see above) with a bridge; cf. also Destr. 211, and Fierabras, 1867, etc.
• MAVON, ll. [278], [422], [2230], Laban’s engineer; spelt Mabon in the Destr. ll. 908, 941, and in Fierabras, l. 3735. The name does not occur in the Ashmole MS.
• MIRON OF BRABANE, one of the twelve peers, occurring only in this poem, l. [1703].
• MONTFAWCON, l. [3253]. Not found in the other versions. [‹p144›]
• MOUNPELERS, after having conquered the soudan, Charlemagne sails from Spain to Mounpeler, l. [3228]. The name does not occur in the Fierabras, where the king returns to France in an eight days’ journey (ll. 6164–6187). Cf. Destr. ll. 250, 286.
• MOWNJOYE, see note to l. [868], and cf. the Song of Roland, 128/[746].
• NEYMES OF BAVERE, one of the twelve peers, see note to l. [836].
• NUBENS, l. [873], NUBYE, l. [1001], a people subject to the soudan.
• OGER DANOYS, one of the twelve peers, see note to l. [836].
• OLIBORN, l. [99], the soudan’s chancellor; only found in this poem.
• OLYVER, one of the twelve peers; see note to l. [1250].
• PARIS, l. [917]; see note to l. [3254].
• PERSAGYN, a king of Italy, and uncle to Ferumbras, slain by Oliver, l. [1259]. In the Destr. l. 162, we find one Parsagon mentioned among the peers of the soudan’s empire. See note to l. [1259].
• PERSE, l. [2888], cf. Destr. ll. 77, 421. Fierabras, 1640, 1713.
• SEINT PETER, ll. [161], [480], etc., the saint; cf. Fierabras, l. 1261; Syr Ferumbras, l. 3756; Destr. l. 501.
• CEINT PETER, l. [453], the cathedral; cf. Fierabras, l. 57; Destr. l. 1109.
• SEINT POUL, ll. [163], [3269], the saint; cf. Syr Ferumbras, l. 3756; not mentioned in the other poems.
• POYLE, l. [514],? Apulia; found only in this poem; cf. note to l. [1000].
• QWYNTYN, l. [1298], a saint by whom Ferumbras swears; see note to l. [2845].
• RICHARD OF NORMANDY, see notes to ll. [2535], [2795], [3044].
• ROMAYNE, l. [77], inhabitant of Rome.
• ROME, l. [17].
• ROULAND, see note to ll. [1499], [1888].
• SATHANAS, l. [2777], a Saracen god.
• SAVARIS, l. [171], a duke of Rome who leads the Roman troops against the Saracens. He is slain by Estragot (l. [346]). He also occurs in the Destr. de Rome. In the French Fierabras appears a French knight Savaris, l. 1699.
• SORTYBRAUNCE, the chief councillor of the soudan.
• SPAYN, l. [717], belonging to the soudan’s dominions. It is the scene of the principal action narrated in this poem, as indeed the only part where the scene is laid elsewhere is that describing the destruction of Rome.
• SYMON, a saint by whom Charles swears, l. [1713].
• TAMPER, a name peculiar to this poem. He erects a gallows before Agremore castle to hang Guy, l. [2641].
• TERMAGANT, l. [137], a Saracen deity; cf. note to l. [86]. Spelt Ternagant in Syr Ferumbras, Tervagant in the French Fierabras.
• TERY LARDENEYS, one of the twelve peers; see note to l. [1691].
• TURKES, l. [874], cf. Fierabras, 128, 1641, 3767. Syr Ferumbras, 5433, 5677.
• TURPYN, the French bishop who baptizes Ferumbras, l. [1475]. This name does not occur in the Ashmole MS.
• VENYS, subject to Laban; see note to l. [1000]. Mentioned only in this poem.

RICHARD CLAY & SONS, LIMITED, LONDON & BUNGAY.

TRANSCRIBER’S ENDNOTE

Original printed spelling and grammar has been retained, with some exceptions noted below. The middle English characters “ȝ”, “Þ”, “ð”, and “þ” were originally printed always upright, not italic, but in this edition have been rendered as italic wherever that seems appropriate, as in this sentence from page [xxxvii]: “That or þat, who, whome are used as relative pronouns”. The transcriber created the cover image and hereby assigns it to the public domain.

No widely supported unicode characters are available for the following, which have therefore been rendered herein as images: