[23] This shows that the shields were oblong, running down to a point.
[24] "Ocean's fire," a periphrasis for "gold". The whole line is a periphrasis for "bountiful chief".
[25] "Rhine's fire," a periphrasis for gold.
[26] "Water-skates," a periphrasis for ships.
[27] "Great Rift," Almannagjá—The great volcanic rift, or "geo," as it would be called in Orkney and Shetland, which bounds the plain of the Althing on one side.
[28] Thorgrim Easterling and Thorbrand.
[29] "Frodi's flour," a periphrasis for gold.
[30] "Sea's bright sunbeams," a periphrasis for gold.
[31] Constantinople.
[32] Hlada or Lada, and sometimes in the plural Ladir, was the old capital of Drontheim, before Nidaios—the present Drontheim—was founded. Drontheim was originally the name of the country round the firth of the same name, and is not used in the old Sagas for a town.