3. The Way for Relief is Now Open.
In 1915, the Turkish Government declined to give cordial co-operation in the work of relieving the necessities of the Armenians. The authorities at Constantinople did not wish to have the Armenians helped by foreigners, because they thought it might encourage some of them in treasonable hopes. Constantinople therefore favoured having the relief money distributed through Turkish officials.
According to the New York Times of the 19th October, 1915, the Turkish Government informed the State Department at Washington that the American Red Cross would not be permitted to send surgeons and nurses to the aid of the Armenians in the Turkish Empire. The Turks barred not merely American Red Cross surgeons, nurses and relief agents, but also all other neutral foreigners.
Early in 1916 some obstacles have fallen. On the 23rd March, 1916, Mr. Phillips, the American Chargé d’Affaires at Constantinople, sent, on behalf of the Constantinople Chapter of the Red Cross, the following significant cablegram to the Secretary of State:—
“Turkish Government now welcomes help, and through Minister of Interior authorizes American Red Cross, co-operating with Red Crescent, to conduct relief work for civilians of all races. Great suffering throughout country, particularly at Constantinople and suburbs along the shores of Marmora, at Adrianople, Broussa and Smyrna. In these regions five hundred thousand, not comprising Armenian refugees, need help for bread. Hundreds dying of starvation. No relief in sight. Sugar and petroleum oil at famine prices. Typhus is spreading, high mortality. For immediate relief ten thousand pounds sterling estimated required for Constantinople Chapter administration before 1st May to procure foodstuffs. For more permanent relief, suggest importation supplies by sea from Roumania and America. Neutrality guaranteed by American Red Cross to Entente Powers. Distribution controlled by Constantinople Chapter through agencies, soup kitchens and dispensary. Some can pay cost price and industrial work proposed for others.”
In answer to this appeal, certain friends of our Committee raised £12,000 sterling and transmitted it to Constantinople, to be distributed by the Turkish Red Crescent for sufferers in Turkey, regardless of religious barriers.[[283]]
INDEX OF PLACES REFERRED TO IN THE
DOCUMENTS IN THIS VOLUME.
The figures placed against the names in this index denote the number of independent witnesses who mention the places in question, in the various connexions specified in the headings to each column. Two or more documents emanating from the same source cannot be regarded as independent testimony and are, therefore, not separately enumerated.
The index includes references to names which have been withheld by the editor himself and are represented in the text by arbitrary signs, but not, of course, references to names which have been withheld from the editor and are represented in the text by blanks. The names of places beyond the Ottoman frontier where refugees have passed or stayed have been placed between brackets, to distinguish them from places in Ottoman territory through or to which exiles have been forcibly conducted by the Ottoman Government.
| Massacre, Forcible Conversion, or Deportation, of Armenian Inhabitants. | Arrival, Passage of Armenians Deported or taking Flight from Elsewhere. | ||
| Name of Place. | Armenians Replacement by Moslem Mouhadjirs (immigrants). | No Mention of Mouhadjirs. | |
| A. | |||
| Abijalu | — | 1 | — |
| Ada | — | 1 | — |
| Adana | 1 | 11 | 3 |
| Adana, vilayet | — | 1 | — |
| Adapazar | 1 | 5 | — |
| Adiaman—Hussi Mansour | — | 3 | — |
| Adiljevas | — | 1 | — |
| Adranos | — | — | 1 |
| Adrianople | — | 2 | — |
| Afiun Kara-Hissar | — | 1 | 3 |
| Aghja Daghi | — | — | 1 |
| (Aghtalia) | — | — | 1 |
| Agno | — | 1 | — |
| (Ailar) | — | — | 1 |
| Aintab | — | 10 | 4 |
| Ak Shehr | — | 2 | — |
| Alabash | — | 3 | — |
| Alashkerd | — | 3 | — |
| Alashkerd District | — | 1 | — |
| Alayund | — | — | 1 |
| Albek | — | 1 | — |
| Albustan | — | 5 | 1 |
| Aleppo | — | 2 | 32 |
| Aleppo, vilayet | — | 2 | — |
| Alexandretta | — | 1 | — |
| (Alexandropol) | — | — | 2 |
| (Alexandropol Town and District) | — | — | 1 |
| Alidjan—Aladin | — | 2 | — |
| Amasia | — | 7 | 2 |
| Angegh | — | 1 | — |
| Angora | — | 10 | 2 |
| Angora, vilayet | — | 2 | — |
| (Annenfeld) | — | — | 1 |
| Antioch | — | 1 | 1 |
| Antok | — | 1 | — |
| Arabia | — | — | 2 |
| Arabkir | — | 4 | 1 |
| Arab-Pounar | — | — | 1 |
| Ardishai | — | 1 | — |
| Ardjish—Akantz | — | 5 | — |
| Arghana | — | — | 2 |
| Arghana Maden | — | — | 1 |
| Armasha | — | 1 | — |
| Armasha Convent | — | 1 | — |
| Arslanbeg | — | 1 | — |
| Artamid | — | 1 | — |
| Artananz | — | 1 | — |
| (Arzap) | — | — | 1 |
| (Ashtarak) | — | — | 2 |
| Asia Minor | — | — | 1 |
| Asi Yozgad | — | — | 1 |
| Atabey | — | 1 | — |
| Attil | — | 1 | — |
| Avazaghpur | — | 1 | — |
| Ayash | — | 1 | 1 |
| Azizia | — | 1 | — |
| B | |||
| Bab | — | — | 2 |
| Babylonia | — | — | 1 |
| Baghdad | — | — | 5 |
| Baghlou | — | 1 | — |
| Baghtché | — | 1 | 1 |
| Baghtchédjik—Bardezag | — | 10 | — |
| Baibourt | — | 8 | 1 |
| Bairak | — | 2 | — |
| Bairamoglu | — | — | 1 |
| Bakir Maden | — | — | 1 |
| (Bakou) | — | — | 2 |
| Balikesri | — | 1 | — |
| (Bambak) | — | — | 1 |
| Baranduz | — | 1 | — |
| Barbaroud | — | 1 | — |
| (Barsoun) | — | — | 1 |
| Bashkala | — | 6 | 1 |
| Batoum | — | — | 1 |
| Bayazid District | — | 1 | — |
| Baz | — | 1 | — |
| Beinam Boghazi | — | — | 1 |
| Beirout | — | 1 | 1 |
| Beitias | — | 2 | — |
| Beniani | — | 1 | — |
| Benli | — | 1 | — |
| Bergri-Kala | — | — | 2 |
| Berwar | — | 1 | — |
| Besné | — | 1 | — |
| Biredjik | — | — | 1 |
| Bisherig | — | 1 | — |
| Bitlis | — | 13 | — |
| Bitlis, vilayet | — | 4 | — |
| Black Sea Littoral | — | 1 | 1 |
| Boghaz Kessen | — | 2 | — |
| Bohtan District | — | 1 | — |
| Bor | — | 1 | — |
| Bosphorus, Villages on the Upper | — | 1 | — |
| Boulanik | — | 3 | — |
| Bozanti | — | 1 | 5 |
| Broussa | — | 7 | — |
| Broussa, vilayet | — | 1 | — |
| C | |||
| (Caucasia, Cis—Northern | |||
| Caucasia) | — | — | 1 |
| Cilicia | — | 5 | — |
| Constantinople | — | 6 | 3 |
| Constantinople, American | |||
| School at | — | 1 | — |
| Cosi | — | 1 | — |
| D | |||
| Dadush | — | 1 | — |
| Damascus | — | — | 8 |
| Darawar | — | 1 | — |
| (Delidjan) | — | — | 3 |
| Degala | — | 1 | — |
| Dengala | — | 2 | — |
| Derdjan | — | — | 1 |
| Deré Keui | — | 1 | — |
| Der-el-Zor | — | — | 19 |
| Derenda | — | 2 | — |
| Dersim | — | 1 | 1 |
| Develou | — | 1 | — |
| Deyirmeni River | — | — | 2 |
| Dhimotika | — | 1 | — |
| Dilgusha | — | 1 | — |
| Diliman | — | 3 | 2 |
| Divrig | — | 3 | — |
| Diyarbekir | — | 15 | 2 |
| Diyarbekir, vilayet | — | 3 | — |
| Djabaghtchour | — | 1 | — |
| Djera | — | 1 | — |
| Djerablous | — | 1 | — |
| (Djevanshir District) | — | — | 1 |
| Djevizlik | — | — | 1 |
| Djeziré | — | 1 | — |
| Djibal Mousa—Mousa Dagh— | |||
| Djibal-al-Ahmar | — | 3 | — |
| Djoulamerk | — | 1 | — |
| (Djoulfa) | — | — | 5 |
| Dom | — | 1 | — |
| Döngöl | — | 1 | — |
| Dört Yöl | 1 | 11 | — |
| Doudjik—Tcharuk Dersim—Tcharik | — | 1 | 1 |
| Drtadli | — | 1 | — |
| Duzasar | — | 1 | — |
| E | |||
| Egin | — | 3 | — |
| (Elenovka) | — | — | 1 |
| (Elizavetpol) | — | — | 1 |
| (Elizavetpol Government) | — | — | 3 |
| Enderessi | — | 1 | 1 |
| Entilli | — | — | 3 |
| Eregli | — | 1 | 5 |
| Eremer | — | 1 | — |
| Erendjik | — | 1 | — |
| Erer | — | 1 | — |
| (Erivan) | — | — | 2 |
| (Erivan Government) | — | — | 5 |
| Erzeroum | 1 | 17 | — |
| Erzeroum, vilayet | — | 6 | — |
| Erzindjan | 1 | 8 | 5 |
| Eski Shehr | — | 2 | 2 |
| Etchangeri—Kiangri—Kingri | — | 1 | 1 |
| (Etchmiadzin) | — | — | 2 |
| Euphrates District | — | — | 1 |
| Euphrates River | — | — | 5 |
| Euphrates River, Tributaries of | — | — | 1 |
| Euzerli | — | 1 | — |
| Everek | — | 2 | — |
| (Evlakh) | — | — | 1 |
| Ezli | — | 1 | — |
| F | |||
| Fekké | — | — | 1 |
| Frank-norshen | — | 1 | — |
| Fundadjak_ | — | 3 | — |
| Furnus | 1 | 4 | — |
| G | |||
| Gargar District | — | 2 | — |
| Garjgan | — | 1 | — |
| Gawar | — | 4 | — |
| Geben | — | 6 | — |
| Gegvé | — | 1 | — |
| Gemerek | — | 4 | — |
| Gemleyik | — | 1 | — |
| Geogtapa—Göktepé | — | 3 | 1 |
| Gereg | — | — | 1 |
| Geulik Station | — | — | 3 |
| Gheizin Han | — | — | 1 |
| Ginj District—Gendjé | — | 1 | 1 |
| Gishgishla | — | — | 1 |
| Göksoun—Gourksoun | — | 2 | — |
| Gotni | — | 1 | — |
| Govdoun | — | 1 | — |
| Gulpashan | — | 6 | — |
| Gumushkhana | — | — | 2 |
| Gurin | — | 2 | — |
| Gurla | — | 1 | — |
| Gvars | — | 2 | — |
| H | |||
| Habesh | — | 1 | — |
| Habousi | — | 1 | — |
| Hadji-Habibli | — | 1 | — |
| Hadjin | 2 | 12 | — |
| Haftevan | — | 2 | — |
| Haiatzor—Hayotz-Tzor—(?) | |||
| Haig Valley | — | 2 | — |
| Hai Keui | — | 1 | — |
| Hama | — | — | 4 |
| Hankeui | — | — | 1 |
| Harni | — | 2 | — |
| Harounia | — | — | 1 |
| Harpout—Kharput | — | 21 | 3 |
| Hassan | — | 1 | — |
| Hassan-Beyli | — | 6 | 2 |
| Hassan-Tchelebi | — | — | 1 |
| Hassanova | — | 1 | — |
| Hauran | — | — | 3 |
| Hazaren | — | 2 | — |
| Herag—Erba’a | — | 2 | — |
| Hergerd | — | 1 | — |
| Hirj | — | — | 1 |
| Homs | — | — | 3 |
| Husseinig | — | 1 | — |
| Hussi Mansour | — | 1 | — |
| I | |||
| Idlib | — | — | 2 |
| (Igdir) | — | — | 6 |
| Ilidja | — | — | 1 |
| Ineboli | — | 1 | — |
| Iriawa | — | 2 | — |
| Islohia | — | — | 2 |
| Ismayil | — | — | 1 |
| Ismayil Agha’s Kala | — | 1 | — |
| Ismid | — | 6 | — |
| Ismid, sandjak | — | 1 | — |
| Isnik—Nicomedia | — | 1 | — |
| Istanos | — | 2 | — |
| Itchmé | — | 1 | 1 |
| Izoli Hadji | — | — | 2 |
| K | |||
| Kachin Han | — | — | 1 |
| Kahdem | — | — | 1 |
| Kaisaria | — | 13 | 2 |
| Kaisaria, Villages in | |||
| the District of | — | 2 | — |
| Kamakh | — | 2 | 3 |
| Kamakh Boghaz | — | — | 2 |
| Kangal | — | 2 | — |
| Kapou Kays | — | 1 | — |
| (Karabagh District) | — | — | 1 |
| Karadjalou-Garadjalu | — | 2 | — |
| Karagatch | — | 1 | — |
| Karagöz | — | 1 | — |
| (Karakeliss) | — | — | 2 |
| Karaman | — | — | 1 |
| Kara-Pounar | — | — | 3 |
| Karasu | — | 2 | — |
| Karer | — | — | 1 |
| Karmad | — | — | 1 |
| (Kars) | — | — | 1 |
| (Kars, Town and District) | — | — | 1 |
| Karsakh | — | 1 | — |
| Karspazar | — | 2 | — |
| Karsz | — | 1 | — |
| Kartzor | — | 1 | — |
| Kasha | — | 1 | — |
| Kassaba | — | 1 | — |
| Kavash District | — | 2 | — |
| (Kazakh) | — | — | 1 |
| Kazi Mahara | — | — | 1 |
| Keban | — | 1 | — |
| Keboussia | — | 1 | — |
| (Kedabek) | — | — | 1 |
| Keghi-Kighi | — | 4 | — |
| Keghvank | — | — | 2 |
| Keklik Tepé | — | — | 1 |
| Kelidj | — | 2 | — |
| Kerasond-Kiresoun | 1 | 1 | — |
| Keremet | — | 1 | — |
| Keshan | — | 1 | — |
| Kesirig | — | 1 | — |
| Kessab | — | 4 | — |
| Ketcheurd-Katchayourt | — | 1 | — |
| Ketch-Magara | — | 1 | — |
| Keumer Han | — | — | 2 |
| Khanishan | — | 1 | — |
| Khantzart District | — | — | 1 |
| Khantzod | — | 1 | — |
| Khashkhaldoukh | — | 1 | — |
| Khaskegh | — | 1 | — |
| Kheder-Bey | — | 1 | — |
| Kheiban | — | 1 | — |
| Khlat | — | 1 | — |
| Khnyss | — | 5 | — |
| Khoi | — | 1 | 4 |
| Khoronk | — | 1 | — |
| Khorsan | — | 1 | — |
| Khourakhon | — | 1 | — |
| Khozmo Pass | — | — | 1 |
| Kiakhta—Kyakta | — | — | 2 |
| Kilidjlar | — | — | 1 |
| Killis | — | 1 | 1 |
| Kirk Göz | — | — | 1 |
| Kizil Agatch | — | 1 | — |
| Komer | — | 1 | — |
| Koms-Goms | — | 3 | — |
| Konia | — | 6 | 17 |
| Konia, vilayet | — | 1 | 2 |
| Kotchan | — | 1 | — |
| Kotchesur-Kotch Hissar | — | 1 | — |
| Kotmo | — | — | 3 |
| (Kourpalou) | — | — | 1 |
| Kozolouk | — | 1 | — |
| Kudchi | — | — | 1 |
| Kurdistan | — | 2 | — |
| Kurdmeidan | — | 1 | — |
| Kurk | — | 1 | — |
| Kurtapa | — | 1 | — |
| Kurt-Belené | — | 1 | — |
| L | |||
| Lappashli | — | 1 | — |
| Lebanon | 1 | — | — |
| Lsounk | — | 1 | — |