ƒλz1 ƒλz2 , ...
2πR 2πR

being thus inversely proportional to R.

The integrations may also be effected by means of polar co-ordinates, taking first the integration with respect to φ so as to obtain the result for an infinitely thin annular aperture. Thus, if

x = ρ cos φ, y = ρ sin φ,

C = ∫∫ cos px dx dy = ∫ R cos (pρ cos θ) ρdρ dθ.
0 0

Now by definition

J0(z) = 2 ½πcos (z cos θ) dθ = 1 − + z4 z6+ ...     (11).
π 0 2²·4² 2²·4²·6²

The value of C for an annular aperture of radius r and width dr is thus

dC = 2 π J0 (pρ) ρ dρ,     (12).

For the complete circle,