[43] Wagner, Lehrbuch der Geographie (1900), i. 586.
[44] For details, see A.R. Wallace, Geographical Distribution of Animals and Island Life; A. Heilprin, Geographical and Geological Distribution of Animals (1887); O. Drude, Handbuch der Pflanzengeographie; A. Engler, Entwickelungsgeschichte der Pflanzenwelt; also Beddard, Zoogeography (Cambridge, 1895); and Sclater, The Geography of Mammals (London, 1899).
[45] See particularly A. de Lapparent, Traité de géologie (4th ed., Paris, 1900).
[46] Estimate for 1900. H. Wagner, Lehrbuch der Geographie, i. P. 658.
[47] Estimate for year not stated. A.H. Keane in International Geography, p. 108.
[48] In Proc. R. G. S. xiii. (1891) p. 27.
[49] On the influence of land on people see Shaler, Nature and Man in America (New York and London, 1892); and Ellen C. Semple’s American History and its Geographic Conditions (Boston, 1903).
[50] See maps of density of population in Bartholomew’s great large-scale atlases, Atlas of Scotland and Atlas of England.
[51] For the history of territorial changes in Europe, see Freeman, Historical Geography of Europe, edited by Bury (Oxford), 1903; and for the official definition of existing boundaries, see Hertslet, The Map of Europe by Treaty (4 vols., London, 1875, 1891); The Map of Africa by Treaty (3 vols., London, 1896). Also Lord Curzon’s Oxford address on Frontiers (1907).
[52] For numerous special instances of the determining causes of town sites, see G.G. Chisholm, “On the Distribution of Towns and Villages in England,” Geographical Journal (1897), ix. 76, x. 511.