Who? masc. kus, fem. kŏssa, neut. kyāh; acc. masc. fem. kamis, kas, neut. kath; ag. masc. neut. kami, fem. kami; nom. plur. masc. kam.
Self, pāna. Anyone, someone, kā̃h, kū̃h, or kā̃tshāh, neut. kē̃tshāh.
Kashmiri makes very free use of pronominal suffixes, which are added to verbs to supply the place of personal terminations. These represent almost any case, and are as follows:—
| First Person. | Second Person. | Third Person. | |
| Sing.— | |||
| Nom. | s | kh, h | none |
| Acc. | m | th, y | s |
| Dat. | m | y | s |
| Ag. | m | th, y | n |
| Plur.— | |||
| Nom. | none | wa | none |
| Other cases | none | wa | kh, h |
Before these the verbal terminations are often slightly changed for the sake of euphony, and, when necessary for the pronunciation, the vowel a is inserted as a junction vowel.
In this connexion we may mention another set of suffixes also commonly added to verbs, with an adverbial force. Of these na negatives the verb, as in chuh, he is; chuna, he is not; ā asks a question, as in chwā, is he? ti adds emphasis, as in chuti, he is indeed; and tyā asks a question with emphasis, as in chutyā, is he indeed?
Two or three suffixes may be employed together, as in kạru, was made, kạru-m, was made by me, kạru-m-akh, thou wast made by me; kạru-m-akh-ā, wast thou made by me? The two kh suffixes become h when they are followed by a pronominal suffix commencing with a vowel, as in kạru-h-as (for kạru-kh-as), I was made by them.
E. Conjugation. As in the case of the modern Indo-Aryan vernaculars, the conjugation of the verb is mainly participial. Three only of the old tenses, the present, the future and the imperative have survived, the first having become a future, and the second a past conditional. These three we may call radical tenses. The rest, viz. the Kashmiri present, imperfect, past, aorist, perfect and other past tenses are all participial.
The verb substantive, which is also used as an auxiliary verb, has two tenses, a present and a past. The former is made by adding the pronominal suffixes of the nominative to a base chu(h), and the latter by adding the same to a base ạsu. Thus:—
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | |
| 1 | chu-s, I am | chĕ-s, I am | chih, we are | chĕh, we are |
| 2 | chu-kh, thou art | chĕ-kh, thou art | chi-wa, you are | chĕ-wa, you are |
| 3 | chuh, he is | chĕh, she is | chih, they are | chĕh, they are |
| 1 | ạsu-s, I was | ạsu-s, I was | ạsi, we were | āsa, we were |
| 2 | ạsu-kh, thou wast | ạsu-kh, thou wast | ạsi-wa, you were | āsa-wa, you were |
| 3 | ạsu, he was | ạsu, she was | ạsi, they were | āsa, they were |