[677] The Note sur la Grèce appeared in 1825.—B.
[678] The victory of Navarino (20 October 1827) had not succeeded in delivering Greece from the Ottoman yoke. On the 27th of August 1828, twelve French regiments, commanded by General Maison, were landed on the Morea. Within a few weeks, the French had driven the Turkish garrisons from the towns and strongholds of the peninsula. The Morea and the Cyclades were placed under the general protection of the Powers and General Maison, promoted to Marshal, returned to France, leaving two brigades to aid the Greeks in organizing the government of their territory.—B.
[679] The Russians captured Silistria in 1829.—T.
[680] General Ivan Paskevitch, later Field-marshal Prince of Warsaw (1782-1856), captured Kars in 1828 and Erzeroum in 1829; as Commander-in-Chief in Poland, he took Warsaw, in 1831, and became Governor of Poland, executing the Organic Statute.—T.
[681] Mahmud II. Sultan of Turkey (1785-1839), brother to Mustapha IV., whom he succeeded.—T.
[682] By the Convention of Akerman, concluded on the 6th of October 1826, Russia obtained the right of navigating the Black Sea and various agreements were entered into regarding Moldavia, Wallachia and Servia. The non-fulfilment of this treaty by Turkey led to the War of 1828-1829 now under discussion.—T.
[683] By the Treaty of Jassy (1792), the frontiers of Russia were extended to the Dniester.—T.
[684] Vice-Admiral Lodewijk Sigismund Vincent Gustaaf Count van Heiden, G.C.B. (1772-1850), entered the Dutch Navy as a boy, was promoted to lieutenant in 1789 and, in 1795, took the Stadtholder William V. to England in a fishing-smack. He was tried and imprisoned and, on recovering his liberty, entered the Russian service, where he was promoted to rear-admiral in 1817, to vice-admiral in 1827, after the Battle of Navarino, in which he took a brilliant part, and to full admiral in 1850. He received the Grand Cross of the Bath after Navarino, as well as the Orders of St. Louis of France and St. George of Russia.—T.
[685] Alexander II. Tsar of all the Russias (1818-1881), succeeded in 1855, assassinated 13 March 1881.—T.
[686] Peter I., the Great, Tsar of Russia (1672-1725).—T.