The equipment of tools necessary for repairing airplane engines depends entirely upon the type of the power plant and while the common hand tools can be used on all forms, the work is always facilitated by having special tools adapted for reaching the nuts and screws that would be hard to reach otherwise. Special spanners and socket wrenches are very desirable. Then again, the nature of the work to be performed must be taken into consideration. Rebuilding or overhauling an engine calls for considerably more tools than are furnished for making field repairs or minor adjustments. A complete set of tools supplied to men working on Curtiss OX-2 engines and JN-4 training biplanes is shown at [Fig. 179]. The tools are placed in a special box provided with a hinged cover and are arranged in the systematic manner outlined. The various tools and supplies shown are: A, hacksaw blades; B, special socket wrenches for engine bolts and nuts; C, ball pein hammers, four sizes; D, five assorted sizes of screw drivers ranging from very long for heavy work to short and small for fine work; E, seven pairs of pliers including combination in three sizes, two pairs of cutting pliers and one round nose; F, two split pin extractors and spreaders; G, wrench set including three adjustable monkey wrenches, one Stillson or pipe wrench, five sizes adjustable end wrenches and ten double end S wrenches; H, set of files, including flat, three cornered and half round; I, file brush; J, chisel and drift pin; K, three small punches or drifts; L, hacksaw frame; M, soldering copper; N, special spanners for propeller retaining nuts; O, special spanners; P, socket wrenches, long handle; Q, long handle, stiff bristle brushes for cleaning motor; R, gasoline blow torch; S, hand drill; T, spools of safety wire; U, flash lamp; V, special puller and castle wrenches; W, oil can; X, large adjustable monkey wrench; Y, washer and gasket cutter; Z, ball of heavy twine. In addition to the tools, various supplies, such as soldering acid, solder, shellac, valve grinding compound, bolts and nuts, split pins, washers, wood screws, etc., are provided.

Fig. 179.—Special Tools for Maintaining Curtiss OX-2 Motor Used in Curtiss JN-4 Training Biplane.

SPECIAL HALL-SCOTT TOOLS

NO.TOOLDIRECTIONS FOR USE
1Engine hoisting hook, 6-cylinderHook under cam-shaft housing, when hoisting engine.
2Engine hoisting hook, 4-cylinderHook under cam-shaft housing, when hoisting engine.
3Water plug wrenchFor use on water plugs on top and end of cylinders.
4Vertical shaft flange pullerFor pulling lower pinion shaft flange from shaft. (Used on A-5 and A-7 engines only.)
5Oil gunFor general lubrication use.
6Magneto gear pullerFor pulling magneto gears from magneto shaft.
7Socket wrench, 14′′ A.L.A.M.For use on bolts and nuts on crank cases.
8Socket wrench, 14′′ A.L.A.MFor use on crank cases and magneto gear housings.
9Socket wrench, 14′′ A.L.A.M.For use on magneto gear housings.
10Socket wrench, 38′′ standardFor bolts and nuts which fasten magnetos to crank-case.
11Socket wrench, 14′′ A.L.A.M.For use on magneto gear housings.
12Vertical shaft gear pullerFor removing water pump and magneto drive gear.
13Brace and facing cutterFor facing lugs on cylinders for cylinder hold down stud washers.
14Handle for braceUse with brace.
15Valve grinding braceFor grinding in valves.
16Socket wrench base, 38′′ A.L.A.M.For thrust bearing cap screws.
17Brace and facing cutter, 516′′ A.L.A.M.For facing lugs on rocker arm covers.
18Valve grinding screw driverFor grinding in valves.
19Valve spring toolFor putting on and taking off valve springs.
20Block-valve spring toolFor use with valve spring tool.
21Socket wrench, 58′′ A.L.A.M.For main bearing nuts.
22Socket wrench, 14′′ A.L.A.M.For use on cam-shaft housing.
23Socket wrench, 516′′ A.L.A.M.For cam-shaft housing hold down stud nuts.
24Socket wrench, 12′′ A.L.A.M.For cylinder hold down stud nuts.
25Socket wrench, 516′′ A.L.A.M.For carburetor and water pump bolts and nuts.
26Socket wrench, 516′′ A.L.A.M.For carburetor and water pump bolts and nuts.
27Socket wrenchFor use on carburetor jets.
28Magneto screw driverFor general magneto use.
29Brass bar, 1′′ diameter × 7′′ longFor driving piston pins from pistons.
30Hack sawFor general use.
31Oil canFor cam-shaft housing lubrication.
32Gasoline or distillate canFor priming or other use.
33Oil canFor magneto gear lubrication.
34Shellac canFor rubber hose connections and gaskets.
35Magneto cleanerFor use on magnetos.
36ClampsFor holding cylinder hold down studs, when fitting main bearings.
37Piston guardsFor use in pistons, when out of engine, to protect them.
38Screw driverFor general use.
39Vertical shaft clampsFor clamping vertical shaft flanges, when timing engine.
40Thrust adjusting nut wrenchFor adjusting propeller thrust bearing.
41Stuffing box spanner wrenchFor adjusting stuffing box nut on vertical shaft.
42Water pump spanner wrenchFor adjusting water pump stuffing nut.
43WrenchFor use on cylinder relief cocks and cylinder priming cocks.
44Hose clamp wrenchFor use on hose clamps.
45ScraperFor cleaning piston ring grooves on pistons.
46Crank-shaft nut wrenchFor adjusting crank-shaft nut.
47Spark-plug wrenchFor putting in and taking out spark-plugs in cylinders.
48Timing disc (single disc)For use on crank-shaft to time engine.
Specify type motor disc should be made for. If double disc is required, specify the two types of motors the disc is to be made for. Double disc.
49Main bearing scraperFor scraping in bearings.
50Cylinder carbon scraperFor removing carbon from heads of cylinders.
51Valve seating toolFor seating valves in cylinder heads.
52Scraper, smallFor general bearing use.
53Scraper, largeFor general bearing use.
54Crank-shaft flange pullerFor pulling crank-shaft flange from crank-shaft.
55Piston and connecting rod racks.
56Main bearing stud nuts and shim rack.
57Main bearing board rack.
58Rocker arm and cover rack.

The special tools and fixtures recommended by the Hall-Scott Company for work on their engines are clearly shown at [Fig. 180]. All tools are numbered and their uses may be clearly understood by reference to the [illustration] and explanatory list given on [pages 410] and [411].

OVERHAULING AIRPLANE ENGINES