| Common Name | Scientific Name |
|---|---|
| Agave | Agave sp. |
| Alder | Alnus sp. |
| Almond | Prunus sp. |
| American linden | Tilia americana L. |
| Anaqua | Ehretia anacua (Teran & Berl.) I. M. Johnst. |
| Apple | Malus sp. |
| Arrow arum | Peltandra sp. |
| Ash | Fraxinus sp. |
| Ash, black | Fraxinus nigra Marsh. |
| Ash, green | Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. |
| Ash, water | Fraxinus caroliniana Mill. |
| Aspen | Populus sp. |
| Baldcypress | Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. |
| Basswood | Tilia sp. |
| Bayberry | Myrica sp. |
| Beech | Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. |
| Bermuda grass | Cynodom dactylon (L.) Pers. |
| Birch | Betula sp. |
| Birch, paper | Betula papyrifera Marsh. |
| Blackberries | Rubus sp. |
| Blueberries | Vaccinium sp. |
| Bulrush | Scirpus sp. |
| Butternut | Juglans cinerea L. |
| Buttonbush | Cephalanthus occidentalis L. |
| Cabbage | Brassica sp. |
| Cactus | Cactaceae |
| Catalpa | Catalpa sp. |
| Catclaw | Acacia sp. |
| Cedar | |
| Cherries | Prunus sp. |
| Cherry, wild | Prunus sp. |
| China tree | Koelreuteria sp. |
| Cissus | Cissus sp. |
| Coontail | Ceratophyllum demersum L. |
| Corn | Zea mays L. |
| Cottonwood | Populus sp. |
| Cottonwood, black | Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray |
| Crabgrass | Digitaria sp. |
| Creosote bush | Larrea tridentata (DC.) Cov. |
| Crowberries | Empetrum sp. |
| Currant | Ribes sp. |
| Cypress | |
| Dogwood | Cornus sp. |
| Douglas-fir | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco |
| Duckweed | Lemna sp. |
| Ebony | Diospyros sp. |
| Elderberry | Sambucus sp. |
| Elm | Ulmus sp. |
| Elm, American | Ulmus americana L. |
| Fig | Ficus sp. |
| Fir | Abies sp. |
| Fir, balsam | Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. |
| Fir, red | Abies magnifica A. Murr. |
| Fir, subalpine | Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. |
| Fir, white | Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindi. |
| Grapes, wild | Vitis sp. |
| Gum, black | Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. |
| Gum, sour | Nyssa sp. |
| Hackberry | Celtis sp. |
| Hazelnut | Corylus sp. |
| Hemlock | Tsuga sp. |
| Hickory | Carya sp. |
| Hickory, bitternut | Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch |
| Holly | Ilex sp. |
| Honeysuckle | Lonicera sp. |
| Huisache | Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. |
| Ironwood | Olneya tesota Gray |
| Juniper | Juniperus sp. |
| Larch | Larix sp. |
| Larch, western | Larix occidentalis Nutt. |
| Lettuce | Lactuca sp. |
| Loganberries | Rubus sp. |
| Magnolia | Magnolia sp. |
| Maize | Zea mays L. |
| Maple | Acer sp. |
| Maple, red | Acer rubrum L. |
| Maple, silver | Acer saccharinum L. |
| Mescal | Agave sp. |
| Mesquite | Prosopis sp. |
| Millet | Setaria sp. |
| Mistletoe | Phoradendron sp. |
| Oak | Quercus sp. |
| Oak, black | Quercus velutina Lam. |
| Oak, blackjack | Q. marilandica Muenchh. |
| Oak, bur | Q. macrocarpa Michx. |
| Oak, cherrybark | Q. falcata var. pagodaefolia Ell. |
| Oak, live | Q. virginiana Mill. |
| Oak, overcup | Q. lyrata Walt. |
| Oak, pin | Q. palustris Muenchh. |
| Oak, red | Quercus sp. |
| Oak, white | Q. alba L. |
| Oats | Avena sp. |
| Palmetto | Sabal sp. |
| Palo Verde | Cercidium sp. |
| Pear | Pyrus sp. |
| Pecan | Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch |
| Pepper, red | Capsicum sp. |
| Pigweed | Chenopodium sp. |
| Pine | Pinus sp. |
| Pine, Bishop | Pinus muricata D. Don. |
| Pine, Jeffrey | P. jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. |
| Pine, loblolly | P. taeda L. |
| Pine, lodgepole | P. contorta Dougl. |
| Pine, longleaf | P. palustris Mill. |
| Pine, Monterey | P. radiata D. Don. |
| Pine, pinyon | P. edulis Engelm. |
| Pine, ponderosa | P. ponderosa Laws. |
| Pine, shortleaf | P. echinata Mill. |
| Pine, slash | P. elliotti Engelm. |
| Pine, sugar | P. lambertiana Dougl. |
| Pine, white | P. strobus L. |
| Poison ivy | Rhus radicans L. |
| Poison oak | Rhus diversiloba T. & G. |
| Pokeberry | Phytolacca americana L. |
| Pondweed | Potamogeton sp. |
| Poplar | Populus sp. |
| Poplar, balsam | Populus balsamifera L. |
| Prunes | Prunus sp. |
| Ragweed | Ambrosia sp. |
| Raspberries | Rubus sp. |
| Red heart fungus | Fomes sp. |
| Redwood | Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don.) Endl. |
| Retama | Retama sp. |
| Sago pondweed | Potamogeton pectinatus L. |
| Saguaro cactus | Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose |
| Salmonberries | Rubus spectabilis Pursh. |
| Sawgrass, tall | Cladium sp. |
| Screwbean | Prosopis sp. |
| Serviceberries | Amelanchier sp. |
| Skunk cabbage | Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Nutt. |
| Smartweed | Polygonum sp. |
| Snowberries | Symphoricarpos sp. |
| Sorghum | Sorghum sp. |
| Spruce | Picea sp. |
| Spruce, Engelmann | Picea engelmannii Parry |
| Spruce, Sitka | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. |
| Strawberries | Fragraria sp. |
| Sumac | Rhus sp. |
| Sunflower | Helianthus sp. |
| Sweetgum | Liquidambar styraciflua L. |
| Sycamore | Platanus sp. |
| Tamarac | Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch |
| Tulip-poplar | Liriodendron tulipifera L. |
| Tupelo | Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. |
| Virginia creeper | Parthenocissus quinquefolia L. |
| Walnut | Juglans sp. |
| Water stargrass | Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM. |
| Wax-myrtle | Myrica cerifera L. |
| Wheat | Triticum sp. |
| Widegon grass | Ruppia maritima L. |
| Wild celery | Vallisneria americana Michx. |
| Willow | Salix sp. |
| Willow, black | Salix nigra Marsh. |
| Yucca | Yucca sp. |
Invertebrates Referred to in Text:
| Common Name | Class or Order | Family | Genus and Species |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amphipods | Crustacea | ||
| Ants | Hymenoptera | Formicidae | |
| Aphids | Homoptera | Aphididae | |
| Assassin bugs | Hemiptera | Reduviidae | |
| Bark beetles | Coleoptera | Scolytidae | |
| Bees | Hymenoptera | Apidae | |
| Beetles | Coleoptera | ||
| Black crickets | Orthoptera | Gryllidae | |
| Blue mussel | (phylum) Mollusca | ||
| Boll weevil | Coleoptera | Curculionidae | Anthonomus grandis Boheman |
| Bugs | Hemiptera | ||
| Butterflies | Lepidoptera | ||
| Caddis flies | Trichoptera | ||
| Carpenter ants | Hymenoptera | Formicidae | Camponotus sp. |
| Caterpillars | Lepidoptera | ||
| Centipedes | Chilopoda | ||
| Chironomids | Diptera | Chironomidae | |
| Cicadas | Homoptera | Cicadidae | |
| Clover weevils | Coleoptera | Curculionidae | |
| Cockroach | Orthoptera | Blattidae | |
| Codling moth | Lepidoptera | Olethreutidae | Carpocapsa pomonella L. |
| Cone worms | Lepidoptera | ||
| Corn earworm | Lepidoptera | Noctuidae | Heliothis zea (Boddie) |
| Cotton boll weevils | Coleoptera | Curculionidae | |
| Crabs | Crustacea | ||
| Crane flies | Diptera | Tipulidae | |
| Crayfish | Crustacea | ||
| Crickets | Orthoptera | Gryllidae | |
| Culicine mosquitoes | Diptera | Culicidae | |
| Cutworm moths | Lepidoptera | Noctuidae | Agrotis sp. |
| Daddy long legs | Phalangida | ||
| Damselflies | Odonata | ||
| Dragonflies | Odonata | ||
| Dung beetles | Coleoptera | Scarabaeidae | |
| Earthworms | Oligochaeta | ||
| Elm bark beetle | Coleoptera | Scolytidae | Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) |
| Flat bugs | Hemiptera | Aradidae | |
| Flies | Diptera | ||
| Flying ants | Hymenoptera | Formicidae | |
| Gnats | Diptera | ||
| Grasshoppers | Orthoptera | Acrididae | |
| Grubs | Coleoptera | ||
| Gypsy moth | Lepidoptera | Lymantriidae | Porthetria dispar (L.) |
| Hairy crickets | Orthoptera | ||
| Harvestmen | Phalangida | ||
| Hawk moths | Lepidoptera | Sphingidae | |
| Hemipterans | Hemiptera | ||
| Hornets | Hymenoptera | Vespidae | |
| House fly | Diptera | Muscidae | Musca domestica L. |
| Hymenopterans | Hymenoptera | ||
| Ichneumon flies | Hymenoptera | Ichneumonidae | |
| Isopods | Crustacea | ||
| Jassids | Homoptera | Cicadellidae | |
| Jerusalem crickets | Orthoptera | Gryllacrididae | |
| Jumping plant lice | Homoptera | Psyllidae | |
| Katydids | Orthoptera | Tettigoniidae | |
| Ladybird beetles | Coleoptera | Coccinellidae | |
| Leaf bugs | Hemiptera | Miridae | |
| Leafhoppers | Homoptera | Cicadellidae | |
| Leaf skeletonizers | Lepidoptera | Lyonetiidae | Bucculatrix sp. |
| Lepidopterans | Lepidoptera | ||
| Locusts | Orthoptera | Acrididae | |
| Locust seed weevils | Coleoptera | Mylabridae | Bruchus sp. |
| Lodgepole needle miners | Lepidoptera | Gelechiidae | |
| Long-horned beetles | Coleoptera | Cerambycidae | |
| Long-horned grasshoppers | Orthoptera | Tettigoniidae | |
| Long-legged tipulids | Diptera | Tipulidae | |
| Lyonetiid moths | Lepidoptera | Lyonetiidae | Bucculatrix sp. |
| May beetles | Coleoptera | Scarabaeidae | |
| Mayflies | Ephemeroptera | ||
| Metallic wood boring beetles | Coleoptera | Buprestidae | |
| Midges | Diptera | Chironomidae | |
| Millipedes | Diplopoda | ||
| Molluscs | (phylum) Mollusca | ||
| Mosquitoes | Diptera | Culicidae | |
| Moths | Lepidoptera | ||
| Negro bugs | Hemiptera | Corimelaenidae | |
| Nut weevils | Coleoptera | Curculionidae | Curculio spp. |
| Praying mantids | Orthoptera | Mantidae | |
| Pseudoscorpions | Pseudoscorpionida | ||
| Psyllids | Homoptera | Psyllidae | |
| Ribbed pine borer | Coleoptera | Cerambycidae | Stenocorus inquisitor (Oliv.) |
| Roaches | Orthoptera | Blattidae | |
| Round-headed woodborers | Coleoptera | Cerambycidae | |
| Sawflies | Hymenoptera | Tenthredinidae | |
| Scolytid beetles | Coleoptera | Scolytidae | Scolytus sp. |
| Scorpions | Scorpionida | ||
| Seed beetles | Coleoptera | Bruchidae | Bruchus sp. |
| Seed bugs | Hemiptera | Lygaeidae | |
| Spiders | Areneida | ||
| Spittle bugs | Homoptera | Cercopidae | |
| Spittle insects | Homoptera | Cercopidae | |
| Spruce aphid | Homoptera | Chermidae | Chermes cooleyi Gill. |
| Spruce beetles | Coleoptera | Scolytidae | Dendroctonus sp. |
| Spruce budworm | Lepidoptera | Tortricidae | Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) |
| Stinkbugs | Hemiptera | Pentatomidae | |
| Tent caterpillars | Lepidoptera | Lasiocampidae | Malacosoma sp. |
| Termites | Isoptera | ||
| Tree hoppers | Homoptera | Membracidae | |
| True bugs | Hemiptera | ||
| Wasps | Hymenoptera | Vespidae | |
| Water boatmen | Hemiptera | Corixidae | |
| Weevils | Coleoptera | Curculionidae | |
| Wood ants | Hymenoptera | Formicidae | |
| Wood boring beetles | Coleoptera | ||
| Wood boring larvae | Coleoptera |
Vertebrates Referred to in Text:
| Common Name | Class or Order | Family | Genus and Species |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amphibians | Amphibia | ||
| Bats | Chiroptera | ||
| Carp | Cypriniformes | Cyprinidae | Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus |
| Catfish | Cypriniformes | Ictaluridae | |
| Chipmunks | Rodentia | Sciuridae | |
| Chubs | Cypriniformes | Cyprinidae | |
| Cotton rat | Rodentia | Cricetidae | Sigmodon hispidus (Say & Ord) |
| Cottontail rabbit | Lagomorpha | Leporidae | Sylvilagus floridanus (Allen) |
| Cow | Artiodactyla | Bovidae | Bos taurus Linnaeus |
| Deer mouse | Rodentia | Cricetidae | Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner) |
| Eels | Anguilliformes | Anguillidae | Anguilla sp. |
| Flying squirrels | Rodentia | Sciuridae | Glaucomys sp. |
| Frogs | Anura | ||
| Gizzard shad | Clupeiformes | Clupeidae | Dorosoma cepedianum (LeSueur) |
| Gophers | Rodentia | Geomyidae | |
| Ground squirrels | Rodentia | Sciuridae | |
| Horse | Perissodactyla | Equidae | Equus caballus Linnaeus |
| Lizards | Squamata | ||
| Masked shrew | Insectivora | Soricidae | Sorex cinereus (Kerr.) |
| Meadow mouse | Rodentia | Cricetidae | Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord) |
| Meadow vole | Rodentia | Cricetidae | Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord) |
| Mice | Rodentia | ||
| Moles | Insectivora | Talpidae | |
| Perch | Perciformes | Percidae | |
| Pig | Artiodactyla | Suidae | Sus scrofa Linnaeus |
| Pocket gophers | Rodentia | Geomyidae | |
| Porcupine | Rodentia | Erethizontidae | Erethizon dorsatum (Linnaeus) |
| Raccoon | Carnivora | Procyonidae | Procyon lotor (Linnaeus) |
| Rats | Rodentia | ||
| Red-backed mouse | Rodentia | Cricetidae | Clethrionomys gapperi (Vigors) |
| Red-backed vole | Rodentia | Cricetidae | Clethrionomys gapperi (Vigors) |
| Reptiles | Reptilia | ||
| Rodents | Rodentia | ||
| Salamanders | Urodela | ||
| Salmon | Clupeiformes | Salmonidae | |
| Short-tailed shrew | Insectivora | Soricidae | Blarina brevicauda (Say) |
| Shrews | Insectivora | Soricidae | |
| Snakes | Squamata | ||
| Squirrels | Rodentia | Sciuridae | |
| Star-nosed mole | Insectivora | Soricidae | Condylura cristata (Linnaeus) |
| Suckers | Cypriniformes | Catostomidae | |
| Toads | Anura | ||
| Trout | Clupeiformes | Salmonidae | |
| Voles | Rodentia | Cricetidae | |
| White-footed mouse | Rodentia | Cricetidae | Peromyscus sp. |
| Woodrats | Rodentia | Cricetidae | Neotoma sp. |
Footnotes
[1]Scott, Virgil E. Characteristics of ponderosa pine snags used by cavity-nesting birds. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, Colorado.
[2]Scott, Virgil E. [In prep.] Bird response to snag removal. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, Colorado.
[3]Snag or tree use: A: food B: nest C: perch.
[4]Major foods: 1: birds 2: rodents 3: reptiles and amphibians 4: insects 5: seeds and fleshy fruits 6: vegetation 7: other or little known.