[148] There would seem to have been more in Europe within the last fifty years than in any preceding period of equal length since the seventeenth century.
[149] The small cultivator in Argentina is under this disadvantage that a severe drought or a swarm of locusts may ruin him, whereas the large farmer with more capital can bear the loss of one season's crop.
[150] This is Manaos in Brazilian territory. Higher up, in Peruvian, is the smaller town of Iquitos. Ocean-going steamers ply as far as Manaos.
[151] See ante, p. [76]. The evil is widespread and horrible.
[152] I include English, Dutch, and French Guiana.
[153] In Victoria the annual rate of increase per cent of population which in 1871 was 3.07 per cent was in 1901 only .48 per cent. In New South Wales it was in 1871, 3.7 per cent, in 1901, 1.8 per cent.
[154] The Italians are chiefly in Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil.
[155] There are also some East Indian coolies in Guiana, perhaps 100,000.
[156] The negroes are almost all in Brazil, but a few exist on the coasts of Peru, Colombia, Panama, and Venezuela.
[157] The United States census returns do not attempt to discriminate between mulattoes, quadroons, and octoroons; all are reckoned as coloured; and no doubt a certain number of quadroons and octoroons pass as white.