I will now sum up the conclusions to which this inquiry has brought us, either by certain or by probable evidence, with respect to Homer’s geographical nomenclature for Greece at large, and for its principal members.
| 1. | Ἀχαïὶς | ||
| Ἀχαïὶς γαῖα | invariably mean the whole of Greece. | ||
| Ἀχαιῒς αἶα |
2. Ἄργος either alone, or with epithets other than those which concern geographical extension, means
(1) The city only, as in Il. iv. 52, and probably in Il. ii. 559.
(2) The immediate dominions of Agamemnon in the north and north-east of Peloponnesus, as in Od. iii. 263.
But it is possible, though by no means certain, that Ἄργος in this sense should be held to include the whole Pelopid dominions, which were looked upon as having a certain political unity, and thus to be the equivalent of Ἄργος Ἀχαιïκόν.
(3) By metonymy from this supreme and metropolitan quarter of Greece, it means the whole country.
3. The phrase πᾶν Ἄργος in Il. ii. 108 means the whole of Continental Greece.
4. The phrase μέσον Ἄργος means most probably the whole of Greece, or Greece at large; possibly the Peloponnesus only.