The causative is fa: it may be prefixed to almost any word, and it may be used with words which have a transitive suffix. The use of fa frequently obviates the use of a transitive suffix and of itself makes verbs transitive.
The reciprocal is qai: generally when qai is prefixed to a verb the action of the verb is enlarged and the subject is included. The illative fe also marks repetition or restoration or continuance; it is followed by the adverb lau again: na abana e fe boeboela lau his hand was restored whole.
6. Passive: The passive is expressed by the use of the personal pronoun plural third gera or da, with the verb and the adverb na already: gera taufia na it has been washed; gera and da are used impersonally. The word saetana it is said, sae to say, is used as a passive: se doo saetana the thing said, si baela ne saetana uri the word which was said.
7. Auxiliary verbs: Alu to put, is used as meaning, to be, to become; talae, v. tr. to begin, means also to become; sau to make, with the possessive ana, sau ana to become.
8. Reflexive verb: The word mara with suffixed pronoun is used to denote reflexive action: nia saungia marana. It also carries the meaning self, of one's own accord: i bobongi ka manata tetea ana marana the morrow can take care of itself.
9. Reduplication: Verbs are reduplicated in two ways: (a) by reduplication of the first syllable: liu, liliu; bae, babae; (b) by repetition of the whole word: gwou, gwougwou. There is no difference between the various forms beyond an intensification in meaning. In the vocabulary the reduplicated form is presented under the entry of the stem.
ADVERBS.
There are pure adverbs in Lau, but many words used as adverbs are truly nouns and others are verbs; adjectives may also occur in this employment.
1. Adverbs of place: mai here, hither; go there, thither, ne may be added, gone, also langi go, no. Lo there, is compounded with go and gi, logo north, west; se here, a noun, i se, isena, here, in this place, gula place, a noun: si gula na this place, here, gula i maa outside. bali side, a noun, bali ne here, on this side; i bali jordan i bali logo on the far side of Jordan; ifai where, gamu mai ifai whence are you? tau, a verb, far off: alaa up, south, east, ilangi, ifafo, up.
2. Adverbs of time: kada na (ne), manga na, now; si manga, kademanga, when, i kademanga na (ne), at the time when; i angita, si manga uta, when? inao of old, in the past; ua mai inao from of old; isingana ne henceforth: alua fasi, taraina, presently; urii just now; _lau, lau go, again; oli back; na, ua na, already; ua yet, still, still left; ua go i uarodo while still dark in the early morning; ua mai ana lua from the flood, toongi ua inao old clothes, e langi ua not yet, still wanting; firi, tefou, always; too ka tau forever; suli dangifiri daily; taraina to-day; i rogi yesterday; maaedangi i fafo day before yesterday; bobongi to-morrow; taraina lao rodo to-night; talae first; loulou quick; aliali forthwith; maasia, kade manga, while.