Breeds continuously. As summer comes the butterflies move north, laying eggs. The insect spreads until it reaches its northern limit in the Dominion of Canada. In fall it returns. Swarms of the retreating butterflies gather on the northern shores of Lakes Erie and Ontario and in southern New Jersey. Recently the Monarch has become domiciled in many parts of the Old World.
(2) Anosia berenice (Cramer), The Queen, [Plate II], ♀.
Smaller than the Monarch; the ground-color of the wings livid brown. The markings, as shown by the Plate, are somewhat different from those of the preceding species. Expanse 2.5 to 3 inches.
This butterfly does not occur in the North, but ranges through New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, and southward.
Subfamily ITHOMIINÆ
(The Ithomiids).
Butterflies of moderate size, though a few species are quite large. Fore wings at least twice as long as wide; hind wings small and rounded, without tails. Abdomen produced beyond the margin of the hind wing. Wings more or less transparent. Antennæ long and very slender, with a slender club at end, naked. Fore legs greatly atrophied, especially in the males. Larvæ and chrysalids resembling those of the Euplœinæ, the chrysalids being short, cylindrical, and marked with metallic spots. The family, with the exception of the Australian genus, Hamadryas, is confined to the New World, in the tropics of which there are swarms of genera and species. Like the Euplœinæ they are “protected.” But two genera are reported from our territory.
Genus CERATINIA Fabricius
Distinguished from other allied genera by the strongly lobed costal margin of the hind wings in the male.
There are fifty species of this genus known from the American tropics, but only one occurs within the limits of the United States, and only in the extreme southwestern portion of our territory.
(1) Ceratinia lycaste (Fabricius), [Plate III], Fig. 2, ♀ (Lycaste Butterfly).